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fixation (고정, 고정 단계) 1. the act or operation of holding, suturing, or fastening in a
fixed position. 2. the condition of being held in a fixed position. 3. in psychiatry, a term
with two related but distinct meanings : (1) arrest of development at a particular stage,
which like regression (return to an earlier stage), if temporary is a normal reaction to
setbacks and difficulties but if protracted or frequent is a cause of developmental
failures and emotional problems, and (2) a close and suffocating attachment to another
person, especially a childhood figure, such as one's mother or father. Both meanings are
derived from psychoanalytic theory and refer to 'fixation' of libidinal energy either in a
specific erogenous zone, hence fixation at the oral, anal, or phallic stage, or in a specific
object, hence mother or father fixation. 4. the use of a fixative (q.v.) to preserve
histological or cytological specimens. 5. in chemistry, the process whereby a substance
is removed from the gaseous or solution phase and localized, as in carbon dioxide
fixation or nitrogen fixation. 6. in ophthalmology, direction of the gaze so that the visual
image of the object falls on the fovea centralis. 7. in film processing, the chemical
removal of all undeveloped salts of the film emulsion, leaving only the developed silver
to form a permanent image.

neuritis (신경염) 신경의 염증. inflammation of a nerve, a condition attended by pain and
tenderness over the nerves, anaesthesia and paraesthesias, paralysis, wasting, and
disappearance of the reflexes. In practice, the term is also used to denote
noninflammatory lesions of the peripheral nervous system; see neuropathy.


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