offset
´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼ ã±â
³×À̹ö»çÀü ´ÙÀ½»çÀü Cambridge M-W M-W Thesaurus OneLook Wordnet Google
letterset £Û£ì¢¥£å£ô¡Ó£ò£ó£à£å£ô£Ý ·¹Åͼ Àμâ(¹ý), µå¶óÀÌ ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â(dry offset)
offset £Û¢¥£ï:£æ£ó£à£å£ô£Ý Â÷°¨°è»ê, ¹úÃæ, ºÐÁö
offset £Û¢¥£ï:£æ£ó£à£å£ô£Ý Â÷°¨ °è»êÇÏ´Ù, (ÃʰíÃþ ºôµùÀ») º®´Ü½ÄÀ¸·Î °ÇÃàÇÏ´Ù
offset Â÷°¨°è»êÇÏ´Ù, ¸Âºñ±â´Ù, ¹úÃæÇÏ´Ù
offset »ó¼âÇÏ´Ù, ¹úÃæÇÏ´Ù.
* ÀÚº»ÀÇ È¸¼ö Àü¸Á¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©.
Making a simple calculation, we will be able to recover the money within one or two years.
°£´ÜÈ÷ °è»êÇØ º¼ ¶§ 1--2³â À̳»¿¡ ÀÚ±ÝÀ» ȸ¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
I believe that such a cost will be offset by the profits from the new market here.
±×·¯ÇÑ ºñ¿ëµéÀº ¿©±â¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »õ½ÃÀå¿¡¼ ³ª¿À´Â ÀÌÀͱÝÀ¸·Î º¸ÃæÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó°í ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù.
(*) offset by: --À»--À¸·Î »ó¼âÇÏ´Ù, º¸ÃæÇÏ´Ù
We have no doubt that the new plant will bring us considerable profits within a few years.
¸î ³â À̳»¿¡ »õ °øÀåÀÌ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô »ó´çÇÑ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾È°Ü´Ù ÁÖ¸®¶ó´Â °ÍÀº ÀǽÉÄ¡ ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
3. Four units in our May shipment, in which all units should have
been discounted £Ü150,000 each, were mistakenly listed at the
undiscounted price on the documents presented to the bank. Therefore,
we would like to offset the £Ü600,000 total by discounting four June
production units to make up for those not discounted in May. The
details are as follows:
3. 5¿ù ÃâÇϺРÀü ¼¼Æ®¿¡ ´ëÇØ °¢ 150,000¿øÀÇ °¡°ÝÇÒÀÎÀ» Àû¿ëÇØ¾ß Çߴµ¥,
Âø¿À·Î ÀºÇà¿¡ Á¦ÃâÇÑ ¼·ù¿¡´Â 4¼¼Æ®ÀÇ °¡°ÝÀÌ ÇÒÀÎ ÀüÀÇ °¡°ÝÀ¸·Î ±âÀçµÇ¾ú
½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ 6¿ùºÐ Áß 4¼¼Æ®¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÃÑ¾× 600,000¿øÀÇ °¡°ÝÇÒÀÎÀ» ½Ç½ÃÇÏ¿©
ÇÒÀεÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø 5¿ùºÐ°ú »ó¼âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¶³±î ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.
mistakenly [À߸øÇؼ]
the documents presented to the bank [ÀºÇà¿¡ Á¦ÃâÇÑ ¼·ù]
Therefore [µû¶ó¼]
we would like to offset [»ó¼âÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù]offsetÀº ºñ½º´Ï½º ¿ë¾î·Î pay back
ÀÇ ¿Ï°îÇÑ Ç¥Çö.
make up for¡[¡¸¦ º¸»óÇÏ´Ù]
The details are as follows:[ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù]
[À§Å°] ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â Àμâ Offset printing
[ÛÝ] ¿ÀÇÁ¼ÂÀμâ offset-printing
[ÛÝ] µå¶óÀÌ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â dry offset
[ÛÝ] ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â ¿¡Áö Offset edge
[ÛÝ] °ø±¸º¸Á¤ (ÍïÎýÜÍïá) tool offset, compensation
[ÛÝ] ¿Ü³¯ ¹ÙÀÌÆ® offset turning tool
[ÛÝBr] ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â Àμâ [ ¦¡ ìÔáì, offset printing, ¼®ÆÇ ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â ]
[ÛÝBr] µå¶óÀÌ ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â [ dry offset, ·¹Åͼ ]
offset »ó¼âÇÏ´Ù
Your brain is your true ear, and its strength can help offset an ear's weakness.
´ç½ÅÀÇ ³ú´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ±ÍÀÌ¸ç ³úÀÇ ÈûÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¾àÇØÁø û°¢À» »ó¼â½Ã۴µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
When a word is indistinct, you use surrounding cues such as words, looks and gestures to supply the lost meaning.
¸»ÀÌ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, ´ç½ÅÀº »ó½ÇµÈ Àǹ̸¦ º¸ÃæÇϱâ À§ÇØ ´Ü¾îµé, ¾ó±¼ Ç¥Á¤, ±×¸®°í ¸ö³î¸²°ú °°Àº ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ´Ü¼µéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
But you can do that only if you keep your brain sharp enough.
±×·¯³ª ´ç½ÅÀº ´ç½ÅÀÇ ³ú¸¦ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¿¹¸®ÇÏ°Ô À¯ÁöÇÒ ¶§¸¸ ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Remain intellectually active.
ÁöÀûÀ¸·Î Ȱ¹ßÇÏ°Ô Ç϶ó.
Go to lectures, take courses, read.
°ÀǸ¦ µéÀ¸·¯ °¡°í °ÀǸ¦ ½ÅûÇϰí, µ¶¼Çضó.
Do anything to stay intellectually stimulated.
ÁöÀûÀ¸·Î ÀڱعÞÀº ä·Î ÀÖ±â À§Çؼ ¹«¾ùÀ̵ç ÇØ¶ó.
Diet and exercise affect the brain as well, keeping it supplied with blood sugar and oxygen.
À½½Ä Á¶Àý°ú ¿îµ¿ ¿ª½Ã ³ú¿¡ Ç÷´ç°ú »ê¼Ò°¡ °ø±ÞµÇµµ·Ï À¯ÁöÇÏ¸é¼ ³ú¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁØ´Ù.
It's a trade with Reese. The page views offset the ratings drop.
¸®Áî¶û ±×·¸°Ô ŸÇùÇßÀÝ¾Æ ½Ãû·ü ¶³¾îÁø°É ÀÎÅͳݺä·Î Ä¿¹öÇϱâ·Î
Is there any way of knowing if LollypopLollypop
±× ·Ñ¸®ÆË·Ñ¸®ÆËÀ̶ó´Â ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ 10»ìÂ¥¸®ÀÎÁö
is 10 years old? Or a basset hound?
¹Ù¼Â °³»õ³¢ÀÎÁö ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾ø¾î?
The reason basset hounds have such long ears
¹Ù¼Â ÇÏ¿îµå ±Í°¡ ±×·¸°Ô ±ä ÀÌÀ¯´Â
is so they can waft up the scent when they're hunting.
»ç³ÉÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ³¿»õ¸¦ ¸ÃÀ» ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®À̾ß
- Is there any way of knowing? - No.
- ¾Ë ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¾ø¾î? - ¾ø¾î¿ä
Is there any way of knowing if LollypopLollypop
Ȥ½Ã ¼·»´õµµ·Î½Ã³ª ·Ñ¸®ÆË·Ñ¸®ÆËÀÌ
- and SurrendrDorothee are the same person? - No.
- °°Àº »ç¶÷À̶ó´Â °É ¾Æ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº? - ¾ø¾î¿ä
offset : ¿É¼Â, ÀÜ·ù ÆíÂ÷
offset voltage : ¾î±ß³² Àü¾Ð
HS3704001200
For offset reproduction, producing postcard, illustrated postcard, cards and calendars
¿ÀÇÁ¼Â º¹»ç¿ë(¿±¼¤ý±×¸²¿±¼¤ýÄ«µå¤ý͏°´õ Á¦ÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î ÇÑÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù)
HS370510
For offset reproduction
¿ÀÇÁ¼Â º¹»ç¿ë
HS4809
Carbon paper, self-copy paper and other copying or transfer papers (including coated or impregnated paper for duplicator stencils or offset plates), whether or not printed, in rolls or sheets.
Ä«º»Áö, ¼¿ÇÁº¹»çÁö, ±× ¹ÛÀÇ º¹»çÁö³ª Àü»çÁö[µî»ç¿øÁö³ª ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â Ç÷¹ÀÌÆ®(offset plate)·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µµÆ÷Áö¿Í ħÅõÁö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí, ÀμâÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ »ó°ü¾øÀ¸¸ç ·Ñ ¸ð¾çÀ̳ª ½ÃÆ®(sheet) ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ÇÑÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù]
HS4816
Carbon paper, self-copy paper and other copying or transfer papers (other than those of heading 48.09), duplicator stencils and offset plates, of paper, whether or not put up in boxes.
Ä«º»Áö, ¼¿ÇÁº¹»çÁö, ±× ¹ÛÀÇ º¹»çÁö³ª Àü»çÁö(Á¦4809È£ÀÇ °ÍÀº Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù), Á¾ÀÌ·Î ¸¸µç µî»ç¿øÁö¿Í ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â Ç÷¹ÀÌÆ®(offset plate)(»óÀÚ¿¡ µç °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ »ó°ü¾ø´Ù)
HS8443110000
Offset printing machinery, reel fed
¿ÀÇÁ¼Â(offset) Àμâ±â°è[¸±(reel)½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇÑÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù]
HS8443120000
Offset printing machinery, sheet-fed, office type (using sheets with one side not exceeding 22 cm and the other side not exceeding 36 cm in the unfolded state)
¿ÀÇÁ¼Â(offset) Àμâ±â°è[½ÃÆ®(sheet)½Ä »ç¹«½Ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ÇÑ º¯ÀÌ 22¼¾Æ¼¹ÌÅÍ ÀÌÇÏ, ´Ù¸¥ º¯ÀÌ 36¼¾Æ¼¹ÌÅÍ ÀÌÇÏÀÎ Á¦º»µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº »óÅÂÀÇ ½ÃÆ®(sheet)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÇÑÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù]
HS8443130000
Other offset printing machinery
±× ¹ÛÀÇ ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â(offset) Àμâ±â°è
½Å¹®¿ëÁö¹×¿ÀÇÁ¼Â¿ëÁö Newsprint and offset papers
Ç¥ÁؽŹ®¿ëÁö Standard newsprint
Ä®¶ó½Å¹®¿ëÁö Colored newsprint
°í¹é»öµµ½Å¹®¿ëÁö High brightness newsprint
¿ÀÇÁ¼ÂÀμâ¿ëÁö Offset paper
ÆÀÆÇÁö Tympan papers
TÇÚµéÅÇ·»Ä¡ T handle tap wrenches
Å©·©Å© Cranks
´ÙÀ̽ºÅå Die stocks
Æ©ºê·»Ä¡ Tube wrenches
ÈÄÅ©·»Ä¡ Hook wrenches
¿ÀÇÁ¼Â¼ÒÄÏ·»Ä¡ Offset socket wrenches
½ºÆÐ³Ê·»Ä¡ Spanner wrenches
ôŰ Chuck keys
½ºÅ©·ùµå¶óÀ̹ö ¼¼Æ® Screwdriver set
·»Ä¡ ¼¼Æ® Wrench set
Àμâ±â±â¹×Àåºñ Printing machinery and equipment
Ç︮¿À±×·¡ÇÈÀμâ±â Heliographic printers
¿ÀÇÁ¼ÂÀμâ±â Offset printing presses
ȰÆÇÀμâÀåºñ Letterpress equipment
ÆòÆÇÀμâÀåºñ Lithographic equipment
±×¶óºñ¾îÀμâ±â Photogravure printing machines
½ÇÅ©½ºÅ©¸°Àμâ±â Silk screen printing machines
Àμâ±â Printing presses
ÆÛÆ÷·¹ÀÌÆÃ±â Perforating machines
Àڿܼ±È¸ÀüÀμâ±â Ultraviolet UV rotary printer
Àμâ±â¾×¼¼¼¸® Printing machinery accessories
¿ÀÇÁ¼ÂÀμâ¿ë¾Ï½ÇÀåºñ Offset darkroom equipment
¿ÀÇÁ¼ÂÀμâ¿ë¼Ò¸ðǰ Offset printing consumables
¿ÀÇÁ¼ÂÀμâ¿ëÀÚµ¿Á¦ÆÇ±â Offset printing plate processors
¿ÀÇÁ¼ÂÇʸ§Çö»ó±â Offset film processors
½ÇÅ©½ºÅ©¸°¿ë¾ÆÅ©·¥ÇÁ Silk screen arc lamps
½ÇÅ©½ºÅ©¸°¿ë½ºÅ©¸° Silk screen screens
½ÇÅ©½ºÅ©¸°Àμâ¿ë·¢ Silk screen printing racks
Ç×°øÄ«¸Þ¶ó Aerial cameras
°í¼ÓÄ«¸Þ¶ó High speed cameras
¼öÁßÄ«¸Þ¶ó Underwater cameras
¿ÀÇÁ¼Â»çÁø±â Offset cameras
º¹»ç¿ë»çÁø±â Photocopier cameras
ÈÞ´ë¿ëÄ·ÄÚ´õ Hand held camcorders or video cameras
µðÁöŻķÄÚ´õ Digital camcorders or video cameras
¹®¼¿ëÄ«¸Þ¶ó Document camera
PC¿ëÄ«¸Þ¶ó Camera kits
·Î¶óÀÌÆ®Ä«¸Þ¶ó Low light camera
»ê¾÷¿ë Àμ⠼ºñ½º Industrial printing services
Ç÷º¼ÒÀμ⠼ºñ½º Flexographic industrial printing services
·ÎÅä±×¶óºñ¾îÀμ⠼ºñ½º Rotogravure industrial printing services
½ºÅ©¸° Àμ⠼ºñ½º Screen industrial printing services
¿ÀÇÁ¼ÂÀμ⠼ºñ½º Offset industrial printing services
µðÁöÅÐÀμ⠼ºñ½º Digital industrial printing services
¿Àü»çÀμ⠼ºñ½º Thermal transfer industrial printing services
CDº¹Á¦ ¹× Àμ⠼ºñ½º Compact disk CD duplication and printing services
The new currency is designed to make it harder to create bogus bills.
Over the years, counterfeiters have graduated from offset printing to
sophisticated color copiers, computer scanners, color ink jet printers
and publishing-grade software - technologies readily available in
today's computer-savvy society.
À̹ø ½Å±ÇÁöÆóÀÇ ¹ßÇàÀº À§Á¶ÁöÆó¸¦ ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀÇ Çϳª´Ù. Áö³ ¸î
³âµ¿¾È À§Æó¹üµéÀº ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» ¹þ¾î³ª Á¤±³ÇÑ Ä÷¯ º¹»ç³ª ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ½ºÄ³³Ê,
Ä÷¯ À×Å©Á¬ ÇÁ¸°ÅÍ, Àμ⿡ ¹ö±Ý°¡´Â ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ À§Á¶ ¹æ½ÄÀ»
µ¿¿øÇϰí Àִµ¥´Ù À̰°Àº ±â¼úÀº ¾îµð¼³ª ½±°Ô ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
offset : ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â
°¡·Î ¾î±ß³² ¼Õ½Ç lateral offset loss
¿ÀÇÁ¼Â offset
¿ÀÇÁ¼Â ij¸®¾î ¹æ½Ä offset-carrier system
¿ÀÇÁ¼Â Çǵå offset feed
Á֯ļö ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â frequency offset
ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â frame offset
offset : º¯À§, ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â
offset stacker : ¿ÀÇÁ¼Â ½ºÅÂÄ¿
[ùþ]hinge offset ÈùÁö°£°Ý
[ùþ]indirect offset °£Á¢ÀýÃæ±³¿ª
[ùþ]offset ÀýÃæ±³¿ª, ´ëÀÀ±¸¸Å, ¿É¼Â
U.S. AD and CVD trade remedies are designed to offset the amount of unfair
competitive advantage attributable to foreign price discrimination or subsidization.
These actions are in full accordance with the internationally agreed upon rules and
principles which are embodied in the Antidumping and Subsidies Agreements. These
Agreements were developed during the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade
Negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). These
Agreements are intended to ensure that the AD and CVD laws of member countries
are implemented in a fair, transparent, and expeditious manner.
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ AD ¹× CVD¸¦ ÅëÇÑ »ê¾÷ÇÇÇØ±¸Á¦Á¦µµ´Â ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ °¡°ÝÂ÷º°À̳ª
º¸Á¶±Ý¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÏ´Â ºÒ°øÁ¤ÇÑ °æÀïÀÇ ÀÌÁ¡À» »ó¼âÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸¶·ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¶Ä¡´Â ¹Ý´ýÇÎ ¹× º¸Á¶±ÝÇùÁ¤¿¡ ¼¼úµÈ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÕÀǵÈ
±ÔÄ¢¿¡ ¿øÄ¢°ú ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ºÎÇÕµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇùÁ¤Àº GATTÇÏ¿¡¼ ´ÙÀÚ
°£ ¹«¿ªÇù»óÀÎ ¿ì·ç°úÀ̶ó¿îµåÁß¿¡ ¹ßÀüµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ȸ¿ø±¹ÀÇ AD, CVD
Á¦µµ°¡ °øÁ¤Çϰí Åõ¸íÇÏ¸ç ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ½ÃÇàµÇµµ·Ï ±¸»óµÇ¾ú´Ù.
Constructed Export Price Offset
-
When it is not possible to base normal value and export price (CEP or CEP) on sales at the same
level of trade, the law provides, subject to certain conditions, for an adjustment to normal value.
However, where the Department establishes different functions at the different levels of trade,
but the data available do not form an appropriate basis for determining a level of trade
adjustment, the law provides for a limited adjustment in the form of the "constructed export price
offset." This adjustment does not apply in export price comparisons, and the Department will
make the adjustment only when normal value is established at a level of trade more remote from
the factory than the level of trade of the constructed export price. The offset is a deduction from
normal value in the amount of indirect selling expenses incurred in the comparison market. The
amount of this deduction may not exceed (i.e., it is "capped" by) the amount of indirect selling
expenses deducted in calculating constructed export price. (Section 773(a)(7)(B) of the Act and
section 351.412(f) of the regulations; see also Level of Trade, Level of Trade Adjustment.)
-
±¸¼º¼öÃâ°¡°Ý »ó°è(Constructed Export Price Offset)
-
µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °Å·¡´Ü°è¿¡¼ÀÇ ÆÇ¸Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤»ó°¡°Ý°ú ¼öÃâ°¡°Ý(¶Ç´Â ±¸¼º¼ö
Ãâ°¡°Ý)À» ºñ±³ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀ» ÃæÁ·ÇÑ °æ¿ì Á¤»ó°¡°Ý
À» Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹ý·ü»ó Çã¿ëµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ó¹«ºÎ°¡ »óÀÌÇÑ °Å·¡
´Ü°è¿¡¼ÀÇ ¼·Î ´Ù¸¥ ±â´ÉµéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÔÀ» ÀÔÁõÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ °Å·¡´Ü°èÂ÷ÀÌ Á¶
Á¤À» À§ÇÑ ÀûÀýÇÑ ÀÚ·á°¡ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì "±¸¼º¼öÃâ°¡°Ý »ó°è(offset)"ÀÇ ÇüÅÂ
·Î Á¦ÇÑÀûÀÎ Á¶Á¤À» ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¶Á¤Àº ¼öÃâ°¡°Ýºñ±³¿¡´Â Àû¿ëµÇÁö
¾ÊÀ¸¸ç »ó¹«ºÎ´Â Á¤»ó°¡°ÝÀÌ ±¸¼º¼öÃâ°¡°ÝÀÇ °Å·¡´Ü°èº¸´Ù °øÀåµµ¿¡¼ ¸Õ
°Å·¡´Ü°è¿¡¼ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³À» ¶§¿¡¸¸ ÀÌ Á¶Á¤À» ¹Ý¿µÇÑ´Ù. ±¸¼º¼öÃâ°¡°Ý
»ó°è´Â Á¤»ó°¡°ÝÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ºñ±³½ÃÀå¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÑ °£Á¢ÆÇ¸Åºñ ±Ý¾×¸¸Å
Â÷°¨ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ÀÇ Â÷°¨±Ý¾×Àº ±¸¼º¼öÃâ°¡°ÝÀ» °è»êÇÒ ¶§ Â÷°¨
µÇ´Â °£Á¢ÆÇ¸Åºñ±Ý¾×À» ÃʰúÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. (¹ý Á¦773Á¶(a)(7)(B), ±ÔÄ¢(19
CFR) 351.412(f) ¹× "°Å·¡´Ü°è"¿Í "°Å·¡´Ü°èÁ¶Á¤"¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ë¾î¼³¸í ³»¿ë
ÂüÁ¶)
Direct vs. Indirect Expenses
-
In calculating and adjusting normal value, the Department treats selling expenses differently
depending on whether they are direct expenses or indirect expenses. For instance,
circumstances-of-sale adjustments normally involve only direct expenses (and assumptions of
expenses on behalf of the buyer, see below) while the constructed export price offset involves
indirect expenses.
-
Direct expenses generally must be (1) variable and (2) traceable in a company's financial records
to sales of the merchandise under investigation.
-
1. Variable vs. fixed expenses: Direct expenses are typically variable expenses that are incurred
as a direct and unavoidable consequence of the sale (i.e., in the absence of the sale these
expenses would not be incurred). Indirect expenses are fixed expenses that are incurred
whether or not a sale is made.
-
The same expense may be classified as fixed or variable depending on how the expense is
incurred. For example, if an exporter pays an unaffiliated contractor to perform a service,
this fee would normally be considered variable and treated as a direct expense (provided that
condition 2, below, is also satisfied). However, if the exporter provides the service through a
salaried employee, the fixed salary expense will be treated as an indirect expense.
-
2. Tying of the expense to sales of the merchandise under investigation: Selling expenses must
be reasonably traceable to sales of the merchandise under investigation to qualify as direct
selling expenses. However, a fixed expense remains indirect even if allocable to the
merchandise under investigation
-
Common examples of direct selling expenses include credit expenses, commissions, and the
variable portions of guarantees, warranty, technical assistance, and servicing expenses. Common
examples of indirect selling expenses include inventory carrying costs, salesmen's salaries, and
product liability insurance. The Department also classifies the fixed portion of expenses, such as
salaries for employees who perform technical services or warranty repairs, as indirect expenses.
-
The Department treats assumptions of a customer's expenses as if they were direct expenses,
provided they are attributable to a later sale of the merchandise by the customer. For example,
the Department considers expenses incurred for advertising aimed at retailers to be assumptions
when the exporter is selling to wholesalers. (Section 351.404(d) of the regulations).
-
Á÷Á¢ºñ¿Í °£Á¢ºñ(Direct vs. Indirect Expense)
-
Á¤»ó°¡°ÝÀ» »êÁ¤ÇÔ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ »ó¹«ºÎ´Â ÆÇ¸Åºñ°¡ Á÷Á¢ºñ³Ä °£Á¢ºñ³Ä¿¡
µû¶ó Á¶Á¤¹æ¹ýÀ» ´Þ¸® Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ÆÇ¸Åȯ°æÂ÷ÀÌ Á¶Á¤Àº ´ë°³
Á÷Á¢ºñ(¶Ç´Â ±¸¸ÅÀÚ¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿© ºÎ´ãÇÏ´Â ºñ¿ë)¸¸À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ°í ±¸¼º
¼öÃâ°¡°Ý »ó°è´Â °£Á¢ºñ¸¸À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
Á÷Á¢ºñ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¨çÁ¶»ç´ë»ó¹°Ç°ÀÇ ¸ÅÃâ¾×°ú °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© º¯µ¿ºñÀû
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But the acceleration of cost cutting,aggressive management of incentive costs,and lower warranty and recall expenses-largely a result of the improved quality of vehicles in North America-should allow Ford to offset the impact of the weak economic outlook,he said.
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