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laboring

´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼­ Ã£±â  ³×À̹ö»çÀü ´ÙÀ½»çÀü Cambridge M-W M-W Thesaurus OneLook Wordnet Google


day labor ³¯Ç°

DLP Democratic Labor Party

free labor ÀÚÀ¯¹ÎÀÇ ³ëµ¿, ºñÁ¶ÇÕ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ

hard labor (Çü¹ú·Î¼­ÀÇ) Á߳뵿

ILO International Labor Organization (Office)±¹Á¦ ³ëµ¿±â±¸

International Labor Organization ±¹Á¦ ³ëµ¿ ±â±¸(ILO)

LAB Labor Advisory Board ³ëµ¿ ÀÚ¹®À§¿øÈ¸

Labor Bank (³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÌ °æ¿µÇÏ´Â)³ëµ¿ÀºÇà

labor camp °­Á¦³ëµ¿¼ö¿ë¼Ò

Labor Day ³ëµ¿Àý(9¿ù ù° ¿ù¿äÀÏ, ¹Ì±¹, ij³ª´Ù À̿ܿ¡Àº 5¿ù 1ÀÏ)

Labor Department ³ëµ¿¼º

Labor Exchange Á÷¾÷¼Ò°³¼Ò

labor force Á¾¾÷¿ø ÃѼö

labor market ³ëµ¿½ÃÀå

labor offensive ³ëµ¿°ø¼¼

labor relations ³ë»ç°ü°è

labor turnover ³ëµ¿ÀÚ À̵¿¼ö

labor union ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ

labored £Û£ì¢¥£å£é£â¡Ó£ò£ä£Ý (¹®Àå µî)°í½ÉÇÑ ÈçÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Â, ¹«¸®ÇÑ, ¾ïÁö·Î °®´Ù ºÙÀÎ, ºÎÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î, (µ¿ÀÛ, È£ÈíµîÀÌ)Çϱ⠾î·Á¿î, ±«·Î¿î, Èûµå´Â(hard), ´À¸´´À¸´ÇÑ

laboring £Û£ì¢¥£å£é£â¡Ó£ò£é©¯£Ý ³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Â

labor ÀÏÇÏ´Ù, ¾Ö½á ¸¸µé´Ù, ÁøÅëÀ¸·Î ±«·Î¿öÇÏ´Ù, (¹è°¡) ¸÷½Ã Èçµé¸®´Ù, ³­Ç×ÇÏ´Ù

labor ³ëµ¿, ±Ù·Î, ³ë·Â, ¼ö°í, ÁøÅë, hard ~ Á߳뵿, in ~ ºÐ¸¸Áß¿¡, ~ of love ÁÁ¾Æ¼­ ÇÏ´Â ÀÏ

N.L.R.B., NLRB National Labor Relations Board(¹Ì)Àü±¹ ³ëµ¿°ü°èÀ§¿øÈ¸

National Labor Relations Board (¹Ì±¹ÀÇ)Àü±¹ ³ëµ¿ °ü°è À§¿øÈ¸

organize £Û¢¥£ï:£ò£ç¡Ó£î£à£á£é£ú£Ý Á¶Á÷(Æí¼º)ÇÏ´Ù, ⸳ÇÏ´Ù, ü°èÈ­ÇÏ´Ù, ~d labor Á¶ÇÕ °¡ÀÔ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ, organizer Á¶Á÷(Æí¼º)ÀÚ, ¹ß±âÀÎ

Sisyphean Sisyphus¿ÕÀÇ, ³¡¾ø´Â(~ labor ³¡¾ø´Â Çê¼ö°í)

sweated £Û£ó£÷¢¥£å£ô£é£ä£Ý ÀúÀÓ±Ý ³ëµ¿ÀÇ, ~ goods ÀúÀÓ±Ý ³ëµ¿À¸·Î ¸¸µç Á¦Ç°, ~ labor ÀúÀÓ±Ý ³ëµ¿

Taft Hartley Act £Û-£è¢¥£á¡Ó£ò£ô£ì£é-,-£è¢¥£á:£ô-£Ý =LABOR MANAGENENT RELATIONS ACT

Central Labor Dispute Arbitration Committee Á߾ӳ뵿ºÐÀïÁßÀçÀ§¿øÈ¸

ILO International Labor Organization ; ±¹Á¦³ëµ¿±â±¸

The Ministry of Labor Affairs ³ëµ¿ºÎ

labor dispute ³ëµ¿ºÐ±Ô, ³ëµ¿ÀïÀÇ

labor group ³ëµ¿´Üü, ³ëÁ¶

labor productivity ³ëµ¿»ý»ê¼º

labor strife ³ëµ¿ºÐ±Ô

labor unions ³ëÁ¶

labor ³ëµ¿

labor-intensive sector ³ëµ¿Áý¾à ºÐ¾ß

labor-intensive ³ëµ¿Áý¾àÀû, ³ëµ¿Áý¾àÇü

labor-management negotiations ³ë»çÇù»ó

labor-management relation ³ë»ç°ü°è

substitute labor ´ëü³ëµ¿·Â

union : trade union, labor union ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ

AFL-CIO (=American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizatuibs) ¹Ì±¹ ³ëµ¿ ÃÑ¿¬¸Í »ê¾÷º° ȸÀÇ

labor ³ëµ¿, ±Ù·Î; ³ëµ¿ÀÚ °è±Þ, ³ëµ¿ Á¶ÇÕ

labor costs ÀΰǺñ

labor force ³ëµ¿·Â, ³ëµ¿ Àα¸

labor market ³ëµ¿ ½ÃÀå

labor-union ³ëµ¿ Á¶ÇÕÀÇ

»ïÀÏÀý The anniversary of the Independence Movement of March lst, 1919
¸¸¿ìÀý April Fool's Day
½Ä¸ñÀÏ Arbor Day
¾î¸°ÀÌ ³¯ Children's Day
¾î¹öÀÌ ³¯ Parents' Day
½º½ÂÀÇ ³¯ Teachers' Day
¼®°¡Åº½ÅÀÏ The Buddha's Birthday
ÇöÃæÀÏ Memorial Day
Á¦ÇåÀý Constitution Day
±¤º¹Àý Independence Day
³ëµ¿Àý Labor Day
±¹±ºÀÇ ³¯ Armed Forces Day
°³ÃµÀý The Foundation Day of Korea
Çѱ۳¯ Hangeul Proclamation Day
Å©¸®½º¸¶½º Christmas

No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.
¸ð¸§Áö±â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸Ô´Â »§ Áß¿¡ ½º½º·ÎÀÇ ³ëµ¿¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¾òÀº °Íº¸´Ù
¸ÀÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù.

No labor, no bread.
ÀÏÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¸ÔÁö ¸»¶ó.

°í»ý³¡¿¡ ³«À̿´Ù. / °íÁø°¨·¡
A man's labors will be crowned with success.

°øµç žÀÌ ¹«³ÊÁö·ª
Hard work is never wasted.£¯A man's labors will be crowned with success.

of course : ¹°·Ð
His parents were only laboring people, and of course poor.
(±×ÀÇ ºÎ¸ð´Â ³ëµ¿²Û¿¡ ºÒ°úÇß´Ù, ¹°·Ð ±×·¡¼­ °¡³­Çß´Ù.)

This has already cost us a great deal in wasted labor
expenses and lost production.
ÀÌ·ÎÀÎÇØ ´ç»ç´Â ¸·´ëÇÑ ÀΰǺñÀÇ ³¶ºñ¿Í »ý»êÀúÇ϶ó´Â Å«
¼Õ½ÇÀ» ÀÔ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

³» ¾Æ³»°¡ Áö±Ý ¸· ÁøÅëÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇß¾î¿ä.
My wife has just gone into labor.
My wife has just started labor.

the dignity of labor ³ëµ¿ÀÇ Á¸¾ö¼º

a labor economist ³ëµ¿°æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚ

Workers are paid for their labor. ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ÇÑ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ´ë°¡·Î º¸¼ö¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù.

manual labor À°Ã¼ ³ëµ¿

skilled [unskilled] labor ¼÷·Ã [ºñ¼÷·Ã] ³ëµ¿ÀÚ

joint consultation between labor and management ³ë»ç ÇÕµ¿ ÇùÀÇ

AFL-CIO (American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organization)

±Ù·Î±âº»±Ç (ÐÃÒ¾ÐñÜâÏí Basic Legal Right of Labor)

³»ºÎ³ëµ¿½ÃÀå (ҮݻҾÔÑã¼íÞ Internal Labor Market)

³ëµ¿3¹ý (Ò¾ÔÑß²Ûö Three Acts Concerning with Labor)

³ëµ¿ÀåºñÀ² (Ò¾ÔÑíûÝá×Ë Labor Equipment Ratio)

ºÎ´ç³ëµ¿ÇàÀ§ (ÜôÓ×Ò¾ÔÑú¡êÓ Unfair Labor Practices)

In the United States, the number of days lost from work due to the common
cold is far greater than that caused by the actions of labor unions.
¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ °¨±â·Î ÀÎÇØ Á÷ÀåÀ» °á±ÙÇÏ´Â(ÀÏÀ» ¸øÇÏ´Â) ³¯µéÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÇ
Çൿ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾ß±âµÇ´Â ±×°Í(ÀÏÀ» ¸øÇÏ´Â ³¯ÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ) º¸´Ù ÈξÀ´õ Å©´Ù.

My wife has just gone into labor.: ³» ¾Æ³»°¡ ¸· ÁøÅëÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. (=My wife has just started labor.)
¡æ ¿©±â¼­ labor´Â 'ÁøÅë'À» ¶æÇÔ.

[ÝïÎò] use, employ, utilize, exploit, work
use´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¸»·Î ÇÑ »ç¹°À» ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀ̳ª µµ¿òÀ¸·Î »ï´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
use a pencil(telephone)/ Use your eyes, child! It's right there in front of you!
»ç¶÷¿¡ °üÇØ¼­ ¾²ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â »ç¶÷À» ¼öµ¿ÀûÀÎ ¹°°ÇÀ¸·Î º¸´Â µ¥¼­ ÈçÈ÷ Ä¡¿åÀûÀÎ Àǹ̸¦ °®°í ÀÖ°í À̱âÀûÀ̰í ÈäÇÑ ¶æÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
He's only using you./ He used his brother to advance himself.
µû¶ó¼­ I could use your help this afternoon.À̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ I could use you this afternoon.À̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ÀçÄ¡ Àִ ǥÇöÀÌÁö¸¸, Ä£ÇÑ »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ÈÄÀÚ´Â ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ´ÜÃàÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç ÈçÈ÷ ¡®¼ÒºñÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Îµµ ¾²ÀδÙ.
use eggs in cooking/ All the butter has been used.
¶ÇÇÑ used´Â ¹Ì±¹ »ó¾÷ ¿ë¾î¿¡¼­ secondhand(Çå), worn(³°Àº)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿Ï°î¾î·Î ¾²ÀδÙ.
used books/ Used cars and trucks were being marketed in this fashion.
employ´Â useº¸´Ù´Â ¾à°£ ǰÀ§°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸»·Î, ³î°í ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϰí, »ç¶÷¿¡ °üÇØ¼­ ¾²ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Àϰú ±Þ·á¸¦ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù.
She had employed her leisure in reading every book that came in her way./ employ a vacant lot as a playground/ He employs five mechanics.
use¿Í employ´Â ÈçÈ÷ ¹Ù²î¾î ¾²ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¶æ¿¡ ¾à°£ÀÇ Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬Àå°ú ¼ö´ÜÀÇ ¶æÀÌ °­ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â use°¡ Áñ°Ü ¾²À̰í, Á¾»ç¡¤¼±Åá¤ÀÌ¿ë µûÀ§ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ °­ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â employ°¡ Áñ°Ü ¾²ÀδÙ.
A writer uses words effectively who knows what ones he should employ in a given context.
utilize´Â ½Ç¿ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Â ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÇ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϰí, ¾ö¹ÐÇÑ ¶æ¿¡¼­´Â ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ½Ç¿ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Â À¯ÀÍÇÏ°Ô ¾²´Â °ÍÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù.
Well, you'll just have to utilize what's there.
exploit´Â ¡®ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Ù, ÂøÃëÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ½Ç¿ëÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
He exploited the concession to the last penny.(±×´Â À̱ÇÀ» ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¸Ô¾ú´Ù.)
ƯÈ÷ »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¾²ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª Àڱ⠸ñÀûÀ» À§Çؼ­ À̱âÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
They have exploited that child mercilessly.
work´Â Ÿµ¿»ç·Î ¾ö¹ÐÇÑ ¶æÀº ¡®(¹°°Ç¿¡) ³ë·ÂÀ» µéÀÌ´Ù¡¯(expend labor upon)ÀÌ´Ù.
He worked the soil.(±×´Â ¶¥À» °¥¾Ò´Ù.)/ If the clay is worked in the hands it will soon become soft and malleable.
È®´ëµÈ ¿ë¹ý¿¡¼­´Â ÈçÈ÷ ¿åÇÏ´Â Àǹ̷μ­ÀÇ exploit, utilize¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¿ÀǾî·Î ¾²ÀδÙ.
She's been working him for forty years.

Aging : ³ëÀι®Á¦À§¿øÈ¸
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry : ³ó¾÷¡¤¿µ¾ç¡¤ÀÓ¾÷À§¿øÈ¸
Appropriations : ¼¼ÃâÀ§¿øÈ¸
Armed Services : ±º»çÀ§¿øÈ¸
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs : ÀºÇࡤÁÖÅᤵµ½Ã¹®Á¦À§¿øÈ¸
Budget : ¿¹»êÀ§¿øÈ¸
Children, Youth and Families : ¾î¸°ÀÌ¡¤Ã»¼Ò³â¡¤°¡Á¤¹®Á¦À§¿øÈ¸
Commerce, Science and Transportation : »ó¾÷¡¤°úÇС¤¿î¼öÀ§¿øÈ¸
Education and Labor : ±³À°¡¤³ëµ¿À§¿øÈ¸
Energy and Commerce : ¿¡³ÊÁö¡¤»ó¾÷À§¿øÈ¸
Energy and Natural Resources : ¿¡³ÊÁö¡¤Ãµ¿¬ÀÚ¿øÀ§¿øÈ¸
Environment and Public Works : ȯ°æ°ø°ø»ç¾÷À§¿øÈ¸
Finance : ÀçÁ¤À§¿øÈ¸
Foreign Relations : ¿Ü±³À§¿øÈ¸
Governmental Affairs : Á¤ºÎȰµ¿À§¿øÈ¸
House Administration : ÇÏ¿ø°ü¸®À§¿øÈ¸
Hunger : ±â¾Æ¹®Á¦À§¿øÈ¸
Intelligence : Á¤º¸À§¿øÈ¸
Interior and Insular Affairs : ³»¹«À§¿øÈ¸
Joint Committee on Economics : ÇÕµ¿°æÁ¦À§¿øÈ¸
Joint Committee on Printing : ÇÕµ¿ÀμâÀ§¿øÈ¸
Joint Committee on Taxation : ÇÕµ¿¼¼Á¦À§¿øÈ¸
Joint Committee on the Library : ÇÕµ¿µµ¼­À§¿øÈ¸
Judiciary : »ç¹ýÀ§¿øÈ¸
Labor and Human Resources : ³ëµ¿À§¿øÈ¸
Merchant Marine and Fisheries : ÇØ¿î¾î¾÷À§¿øÈ¸
Narcotics Abuse and Control : ¸¶¾à³²¿ë±ÔÁ¦À§¿øÈ¸
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence : Á¤º¸Æ¯º°À§¿øÈ¸
Post Office and Civil Service : ¿ìÁ¤°ø¹«À§¿øÈ¸
Public Works and Transportation : °ø°ø»ç¾÷¿î¼öÀ§¿øÈ¸
Rules and Administration : ÀÇ»ç¿î¿µÀ§¿øÈ¸
Rules : ÀÇ»ç¿î¿µÀ§¿øÈ¸
Science and Technology : °úÇбâ¼úÀ§¿øÈ¸
Small Business : Áß¼Ò±â¾÷À§¿øÈ¸
Standards Official Conduct : À±¸®À§¿øÈ¸
Veterans' Affairs : ÀçÇⱺÀÎÀ§¿øÈ¸
Ways and Means : ¼¼ÀÔÀ§¿øÈ¸
standing committee : »óÀÓÀ§¿øÈ¸

³»°¢ÀÇ ºÎó
The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry: ³ó¸²ºÎ
The Ministry of Construction and Transportation: °Ç¼³±³ÅëºÎ
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism: ¹®È­°ü±¤ºÎ
The Ministry of National Defense: ±¹¹æºÎ
The Ministry of Education: ±³À°ºÎ
The Ministry of Environment: ȯ°æºÎ
The Ministry of Finance and Economy: ÀçÁ¤°æÁ¦ºÎ
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade: ¿Ü±³ Åë»óºÎ
The Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs: ÇàÁ¤ÀÚÄ¡ºÎ
The Ministry of Health and Welfare: º¸°Çº¹ÁöºÎ
The Ministry of Information and Communication: Á¤º¸Åë½ÅºÎ
The Ministry of Justice: ¹ý¹«ºÎ
The Ministry of Labor: ³ëµ¿ºÎ
The Ministry of Science and Technology: °úÇбâ¼úºÎ
The Ministry of Unification: ÅëÀϺÎ
The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy: »ê¾÷ ÀÚ¿øºÎ
The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries: ÇØ¾ç¼ö»êºÎ
The Ministry of Budget and Planning: ±âȹ ¿¹»êó
Central Personnel Management Commission: Áß¾ÓÀλçÀ§
Public Information Office: ±¹Á¤È«º¸Ã³

industrial structure - »ê¾÷±¸Á¶
primary industry - ÀÏÂ÷»ê¾÷
secondary industry - ÀÌÂ÷»ê¾÷
tertiary industry - »ïÂ÷»ê¾÷
key[basic] industry - ±â°£»ê¾÷
strategic industry - Àü·«»ê¾÷
capital-intensive industry - ÀÚº»Áý¾à»ê¾÷
labor-intensive, knowledge-intensive, technology-intensive industry
- ³ëµ¿ Áý¾àÇü, Áö½Ä Áý¾àÇü, ±â¼ú Áý¾àÇü
industry catering to domestic needs; domestic demand-oriented industry
- ³»¼ö»ê¾÷
export industry - ¼öÃâ»ê¾÷
declining[sunset] industry; industry of the past - »ç¾ç»ê¾÷
consumer goods industry - ¼ÒºñÀç»ê¾÷
housing industry - ÁÖÅûê¾÷
information industry[business] - Á¤º¸»ê¾÷
merchandising; distribution industry - À¯Åë»ê¾÷
leisure industry - ·¹Àú »ê¾÷
plant[capital] investment -¼³ºñÅõÀÚ
research and development; R & D - ¿¬±¸°³¹ß
defective product - °áÇÔ »óǰ
rejected product; (factory) reject - ºÒÇÕ°Ýǰ
industry which produces on orders - ¼öÁÖ»ê¾÷
tourist industry - °ü±¤¾÷
shipbuilding industry - Á¶¼±¾÷
shipbuilding tonnage - ¼±¹Ú°ÇÁ¶·®
shipyard; building dock - Á¶¼±¼Ò
launching - Áø¼ö
cruise test; test cruise - ½Ã¿îÀü

TV manufacturing industry is labor-intensive.
(ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü Á¦ÀÛÀº ³ëµ¿Áý¾à »ê¾÷ÀÌ´Ù.)

The Labor Party has lost a lot of support among the working class.
³ëµ¿´çÀº ³ëµ¿ °èÃþÀÇ ÁöÁö¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ »ó½ÇÇß´Ù.

She has gone into labor. ±×³à´Â ÁøÅëÀ» Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.
* 'ÁøÅëÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.'´Â °ÍÀº go into labor ¶Ç´Â start labor¶ó ÇÑ´Ù.
emergency»óȲ¿¡¼­ 911¿¡ ÀüÈ­¸¦ °É¾î I've just gone into labor!
¶Ç´Â I've just started labor! ¶ó°í Çϸé
'³»°¡ Áö±Ý ¸· ÁøÅëÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇß¾î¿ä!'¶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿©±â¼­ labor´Â '³ëµ¿'ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 'ÁøÅë'À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.

Before Blanche can react, Stella begins to have labor pains
and must be rushed to the hospital.
ºí¶û½¬°¡ ¹Ý¹ßÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ½ºÅÚ¶ó°¡ ÁøÅëÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í ±ÞÈ÷ º´¿øÀ¸·Î º¸³»Áø´Ù.

In one disturbing incident, a 15-year-old middle school girl gave birth
to a child after going into labor in the classroom. She was belatedly
found to have been raped on her way home from school. In other cases,
an 11-year-old girl was raped continuously by at least 11 men who
lived in her neighborhood and a 14-year-old girl was repeatedly raped
by her landlord and his son.
ÇÑ ¾î󱸴Ͼø´Â »ç°ÇÀ¸·Î, 15¼¼ÀÇ ¿©ÁßÇлýÀÌ ±³½Ç¿¡¼­ ÁøÅëÈÄ ¾Æ±â¸¦
³º¾Ò´Ù. ±× ¿©ÇлýÀº Çб³¿¡¼­ ±Í°¡Áß °­°£´çÇß´ø »ç½ÇÀÌ µÚ´Ê°Ô ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù.
¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç°ÇÀ¸·Î, 11¼¼ ¼Ò³à°¡ Àα٠¸¶À»¿¡ »ç´Â 11¸íÀÇ ³²ÀÚµé·ÎºÎÅÍ °è
¼ÓÇØ¼­ ¿åÀ» ´çÇßÀ¸¸ç, ´Ù¸¥ 14¼¼ÀÇ ¼Ò³à´Â ÁýÁÖÀΰú ±× ¾Æµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹Ýº¹
ÇØ¼­ ÃßÇàÀ» ´çÇß´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.

Of course, the chaebol, along with the government and the
hard-working labor force, have played a key role in developing the
economy. But, even now as the nation is reaching economic maturity,
they remain strong with the government continuing to offer them new
opportunities to expand their business territory.
¹°·Ð, Àç¹úÀº Á¤ºÎ¿Í ¶¡Èê·Á ÀÏÇÏ´Â ±Ù·ÎÀÚ Áý´Ü°ú ´õºÒ¾î ÀÌ ³ª¶ó °æÁ¦
¹ßÀüÀÇ ÇÙ½É ¿ªÇÒÀ» ´ã´çÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ÀÌÁ¦ ¿ì¸® ³ª¶ó°¡ °æÁ¦ ¼±Áø±¹ÀÌ
µÇ¾î °¡´Âµ¥µµ, Àç¹úÀº Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô »ç¾÷ ¿µ¿ªÀ» ³ÐÈú »õ·Î¿î ±âȸ¸¦
°è¼Ó Á¦°øÇØ ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Â °¡¿îµ¥ °è¼Ó Å« ÈûÀ» °ú½ÃÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

Preparations for `Blue Round' : 'ºí·ç ¶ó¿îµå'¿¡ ´ëºñÇ϶ó
Government labor affairs officials, who had a busy spring trying to
help settle disputes at large companies, especially those at state-run
corporations, now face the even harder task of preparing for the ``Blue
Round'' being pushed by the United States and the European Union.
´ë±â¾÷, ƯÈ÷ ±¹¿µ±â¾÷üÀÇ ³ë»ç ºÐ±Ô Ÿ°áÀ» À̲ø¾î ³»±â À§ÇØ ºÐÁÖÇÑ
º½Ã¶À» º¸³Â´ø ³ëµ¿ °ü·Ã ºÎóÀÇ °ø¹«¿øµéÀº À̹ø¿¡´Â, ¹Ì±¹°ú À¯·´¿¡¼­ Á¦
±âÇÏ´Â "ºí·ç ¶ó¿îµå"¿¡ ´ëºñÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ´õ Èûµç °úÁ¦¸¦ ¸Â°í ÀÖ´Ù.

The industrially advanced nations have sought to establish a link
between commodities trade and labor conditions in producer countries,
proposing sanctions against nations which fail to guarantee the same
level of labor conditions as theirs. As the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) has determined Korea to be a
country with significant restrictions on labor rights, any
multilateral agreement on labor affairs will put this country at a
further disadvantage.
¼±Áø »ê¾÷±¹µéÀº »óǰ ±³¿ªÀ» »ý»ê±¹ÀÇ ±Ù·ÎÁ¶°Ç°ú ¿¬°è½ÃÄÑ, ±×µé ¼±Áø
±¹ÀÇ ±Ù·ÎÁ¶°Ç°ú °°Àº ¼öÁØÀÌ º¸ÀåµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ³ª¶óµé¿¡°Ô´Â Á¦À縦 °¡ÇÒ °Í
À» ½ÃµµÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. OECD´Â Çѱ¹À» ³ëµ¿±ÇÀÌ ÇöÀúÇÏ°Ô Á¦¾à¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ³ª¶ó
·Î ÆÇÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ±Ù·ÎÁ¶°Ç¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀÚ°£ ÇÕÀÇ´Â Çѱ¹¿¡°Ô ´õ Å« ºÒ
ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾È°Ü ÁÖ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
commodity : ÀÏ¿ëǰ, Çʼöǰ, »óǰ
sanction : Àç°¡, Àΰ¡, Á¦Àç, »ó¹ú
significant : ±ä¿äÇÑ, °áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ, µÎµå·¯Áø, ȹ±âÀûÀÎ, ÇöÀúÇÑ
restriction : Á¦ÇÑ, Á¦¾à
multilateral : ´ÙÀÚ°£ÀÇ, ´Ùº¯ÀûÀÎ

Korea has yet to ratify key International Labor Organization (ILO)
conventions regarding the basic rights of workers. The promoters of
the``Blue Round'' are drafting sanctions against countries where
guarantees of the rights to organize and engage in collective
bargaining, equal opportunity and a prohibition of forced labor and
child labor do not exist.
Çѱ¹Àº ¾ÆÁ÷ ±Ù·ÎÀÚÀÇ ±âº»±Ç¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ÁÖ¿ä ILO±Ô¾àÀ» ºñÁØÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í
ÀÖ´Ù. "ºí·ç ¶ó¿îµå"ÀÇ ÁÖâÀÚµéÀº ±Ù·ÎÀÚÀÇ ´Ü°á±Ç°ú ´Üü±³¼·±ÇÀÌ º¸Àå ¾È
µÅ´Â ³ª¶ó, ±ÕµîÇÑ °í¿ë ±âȸ º¸ÀåÀÌ ¾ÈµÅ´Â ³ª¶ó, ±×¸®°í °­Á¦³ëµ¿°ú ¾î¸°
ÀÌ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ ±ÝÁö°¡ º¸ÀåµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ³ª¶ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¦Àç ¹æ¾ÈÀ» °­±¸ÇÏ·Á Çϰí
ÀÖ´Ù.
ratify : ºñÁØÇÏ´Ù, ½ÇÁõÇÏ´Ù
convention : Áýȸ, Á¤±âÃÑȸ, ¿¬Â÷ ÃÑȸ, dz½À, ÇùÁ¤, ¾àÁ¤
promoter : ¹ß±âÀÎ, ÁÖâÀÚ, ÁÖµ¿ÀÚ, ÇÁ·Î¸ðÅÍ
draft : óÀ½À¸·Î ¹ß±âÇÏ´Ù, ÃÊ¾È Àâ´Ù; ÃʾÈ, ¡º´
collective : Áý´ÜÀûÀÎ, ÁýÇÕÀû, °øµ¿Àû
bargaining : °Å·¡, ±³¼·, °è¾à
prohibition : ±ÝÁö, ±ÝÁ¦, ±Ý·É

In Korea, work is earnestly under way to elevate labor rights through
joint studies by the government, labor and enterprises. The government-
commissioned Labor-Management Relations Reform Committee has taken
up the questions of multiple representation in a single workplace,
third-party intervention and other traditionally knotty issues.
Çѱ¹¿¡¼­´Â Á¤ºÎ, ±Ù·ÎÀÚ, ¹× ±â¾÷ÀÇ °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦
Çâ»ó½ÃŰ·Á´Â ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÁøÁöÇÏ°Ô ÁøÇà Áß¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤ºÎ°¡ À§ÀÓÇÑ ³ë»ç °ü°è
°³Çõ À§¿øÈ¸°¡ ´ÜÀÏ ÀÛ¾÷Àå¿¡¼­ÀÇ º¹¼ö ³ëÁ¶ ´ëÇ¥ ¹®Á¦, Á¦3ÀÚ °³ÀÔ Çã¿ë
¹®Á¦, ±×¸®°í ±âŸ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ³­Á¦µéÀ» ´Ù·ç¾î ¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù.
intervention : °³ÀÔ, °ü¿©, °£¼·
knotty : ¸ÅµìÀÌ ÀÖ´Â, ÇØ°áÀÌ ¾î·Á¿î

There have been encouraging reports of some progress in the
negotiations to narrow gaps between the positions of labor and
employers. But we are not sure if the committee members, who include
representatives from academic and legal circles, are paying enough
attention to the international moves to link trade with labor conditions.
Çù»ó¿¡¼­ ±Ù·ÎÀÚ¿Í °æ¿µÁÖÀÇ ÀÔÀå Â÷À̸¦ Á¼È÷´Âµ¥ ¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ ÁøÀüÀÌ
º¸Àδٴ °í¹«ÀûÀÎ º¸µµ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â Çаè¿Í ¹ýÁ¶°èÀÇ ´ëÇ¥µé
µµ Âü¿©Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ³ë»ç °ü°è °³Çõ À§¿øÈ¸°¡ ¹«¿ª°ú ³ëµ¿ °ü°è¸¦ ¿¬°è½ÃŰ´Â
±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¿¡ ÃæºÐÈ÷ À¯³äÇϰí ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù.

Korea, being a non-standing executive member of the ILO, has an
obligation to broaden its vision and increase its awareness of world
labor trends to avoid falling victim to advanced nations' attempts to pick
up on failings in trading competitors.
ILOÀÇ ºñ»óÀÓÀ̻籹ÀÌ µÈ Çѱ¹Àº, ½Ã¾ß¸¦ ³ÐÇô¼­ ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ³ëµ¿ Ãß¼¼ÀÇ
ÀνÄÀ» ³ÐÈûÀ¸·Î½á ¼±Áø±¹µéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ °æÀï »ó´ë±¹µéÀÇ ¾àÁ¡À» ÀâÀ¸·Á´Â
±âµµ¿¡¼­ ÇÇÇØ¸¦ º¸Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
obligation : Àǹ«, Ã¥ÀÓ, ä±Ç, ºÎ´ã

However, Korean labor productivity was merely $20,274 last year. This
was 48 percent of the United States', 47 percent of Singapore's and 76
percent of Taiwan's. In addition, marginal productivity of capital
remains 60-70 percent of the levels seen in Japan and Taiwan.
±×·¯³ª, Çѱ¹ÀÇ ³ëµ¿»ý»ê¼ºÀº À۳⵵¿¡ °Ü¿ì 20,274ºÒÀ̾ú´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¹Ì±¹
ÀÇ 48%, ½Ì°¡ÆúÀÇ 47%, ´ë¸¸ÀÇ 76%¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. °Å±â¿¡ ÀÚº»ÀÇ ÇÑ°è »ý»ê
¼ºÀº ÀϺ»À̳ª ´ë¸¸ÀÇ 60-70%¿¡ ¸Ó¹°°í ÀÖ´Ù.
marginal : °¡ÀåÀÚ¸®ÀÇ, ÇѰèÀÇ, ¾à°£ÀÇ

Statistics show that about 25,000 foreigners are now employed by
Korean shipping firms, an explosive increase over the less than 200 on
Korean vessels in 1993. This reliance on foreign labor is likely to
grow due to the increasing unwillingness of Korean workers to take on
so-called 3D (difficult, dirty and dangerous) jobs, despite the
government's ban on crews in which foreigners outnumber Koreans.
Åë°è¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, Çѱ¹ ¼±¹Úȸ»ç¿¡ °í¿ëµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¿Ü±¹ÀÎÀº ¸ðµÎ 25,000¸íÀ¸
·Î, 1993³â¿¡ 200¸í¿¡ ºñÇÏ¸é Æø¹ßÀûÀÎ Áõ°¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¿Ü±¹
ÀÎ ¼±¿øÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÇ ¼öº¸´Ù ÃʰúÇÏÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï ±ÝÁöÇÑ ±ÔÁ¤¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸
Çϰí, Çѱ¹ÀεéÀÌ ¼ÒÀ§ 3D¾÷Á¾(Èûµé°í, ´õ·´°í, À§ÇèÇÑ)À» ±âÇÇÇϰí Àֱ⠶§
¹®¿¡ ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÇÁ¸µµ´Â ³¯·Î ´Ã¾î³¯ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ.
reliance : ÀÇÁ¸, ÀÇÁö
outnumber : ..º¸´Ù ¼ö°¡ ¸¹´Ù, ¼öÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¼¼ÇÏ´Ù, ´É°¡ÇÏ´Ù, ÃʰúÇÏ´Ù

The wages paid to the Korean-Chinese and Southeast Asian nationals
are also said to be only 20 to 30 percent of those of Koreans,
triggering labor conflicts between Korean employers and foreign crew,
as exemplified in the latest incident. Now, the authorities are called on
to come up with a flexible policy on the foreigners' employment ceiling,
and to strictly enforce rules on their qualifications in terms of training
and experience.
Á¶¼±Á·À̳ª µ¿³²¾ÆÀε鿡°Ô Áö±ÞµÇ´Â ÀÓ±ÝÀº Çѱ¹ÀÎ ÀÓ±ÝÀÇ 20-30%¿¡ ºÒ
°úÇÏ´Ù°í ÀüÇØÁö´Âµ¥ À̰ÍÀÌ, ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ »ç°Ç¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³­ °Íó·³, Çѱ¹ÀÎ °í¿ë
ÀÚ¿Í ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ ¼±¿ø°£ÀÇ °¥µîÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ °ü°è´ç±¹Àº ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ
°í¿ëºñÀ²À» ź·ÂÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëÅä·Ï Çϰí, ÈÆ·Ã°ú °æÇè¿¡ À־ À¯ÀÚ°ÝÀÚµéÀ»
ä¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ¾ö°ÝÇÑ ±ÔÁ¦¸¦ °¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
trigger : ¹æ¾Æ¼è¸¦ ´ç±â´Ù, ¾ß±â½ÃŰ´Ù, ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Ù
exemplify : ¿¹½ÃÇÏ´Ù, ¿¹ÁõÇÏ´Ù, ÁÁÀº ¿¹°¡ µÇ´Ù

Firm Measures For Labor's Return
³ë»ç¹®Á¦ Á¤¸é´ëÀÀÇØ¾ß
The Korean Confederation of Trade Union(KCTU) has withdrawn from the
Tripartite Committee, comprised of labor, management and government
sectors.
The worry became a reality and even more concerning is that the other large
union organization, the Federation of Korean Trade Union (FKTU), is
preparing to back out this week, as well.
After only 13 months have expired since its creation, the Committee is in
danger of extinction. It will almost certainly cause additional instability in the
labor market.
¹ÎÁÖ³ëÃÑÀÇ ³ë»çÁ¤ (Ò¾ÞÅïÙ) À§¿øÈ¸ Å»Åð·Î ¿ì·ÁÇÏ´ø »óȲÀÌ °á±¹ Çö½Ç·Î
³ªÅ¸³ª°í ¸»¾Ò´Ù.
Çѱ¹³ëÃѵµ 26ÀÏ ´ëÀÇ¿ø´ëȸ¸¦ ¿­°í ³ë»çÁ¤À§ Á¶°ÇºÎ Å»Å𸦠¼±¾ðÇÒ
¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ̾ ³ë»çÁ¤À§´Â Ãâ¹ü 13°³¿ù¸¸¿¡ ÁÂÃÊ À§±â¿¡ ºüÁö°í ´ë¸³°ú °¥µîÀÇ
¼Ò¸ðÀûÀÎ ³ë»ç°ü°è°¡ ÀçÇöµÉ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Ä¿Á³´Ù.

The government should allow employer and employee to resolve their own
problems without intervening. The government does not have to soothe labor
unions or bully management but only take legal action against unlawful moves.
This means the government should make sure employers observe legal
requirements before laying off workers. This is the only way to handle the
conflict. Temporary solutions offered by the government only neglect the
reality.
µû¶ó¼­ Á¤ºÎµµ Ä¡·¯¾ß ÇÒ ½Ã·ÃÀ̶ó¸é Á¤°ø¹ýÀû ´ëÀÀż¼°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
³ë»ç¹®Á¦´Â ±â¾÷ÇöÀå¿¡¼­ ´ç»çÀÚ ÇØ°áÀÇ ¿øÄ¢À» Áö۵µ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Á¤ºÎ´Â À̸¦ À§ÇØ ³ëÁ¶ ´Þ·¡±â¿¡ ¿¬¿¬ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ¾øÀ¸¸ç ºÒ¹ýÇàÀ§¿£ öÀúÇÑ
°ø±Ç·ÂÀ» Çà»çÇÏ°í µ¿½Ã¿¡ °æ¿µÀڵ鿡°Ôµµ Á¤¸®ÇØ°í µî¿¡ ¾Õ¼­ ¹ýÀÌ Á¤ÇÑ
ȸÇdzë·ÂÀ» ÁؼöÅä·Ï °¨½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

If the economy sinks and the nation turns its back on labor union, it will be the
laborers who will suffer twofold.
°æÁ¦°¡ °¡¶ó¾É°í ±¹¹ÎÀÌ ¿Ü¸éÇØ¼± ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀº ÀÌÁßÀ¸·Î °íÅë ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Because labor-management disputes partly result from social conflicts, the
govenmenment has to prepare various methods, including closing insolvent
companies and taxation reform, to relieve them.
µ¿½Ã¿¡ ³ë»ç°¥µîÀÇ ¿øÃµÀÌ »çȸÀû °¥µî¿¡¼­ Ãâ¹ßÇÑ´Ù´Â µ¥¼­ ƯÈ÷ ȯ¶õ ÀÌÈÄ
½ÉÈ­µÈ ¾ç±ØÈ­Çö»ó¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇØ ºÎ½Ç±â¾÷ÀÇ °ú°¨ÇÑ ÅðÃâ, ¼¼Á¦°³Çõ µîÀ» ÅëÇÑ °¥µîÀÇ
¿ÏÈ­Ã¥À» ¸¶·ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

Labor feels that it carries most of the burden of restructuring because of
government complicity in failed companies, so these kinds of measures will go
part way to appeasing labor. This is one way to get the KCTU to comeback to
the Tripartite Committe.
À̰ÍÀÌ ³ëµ¿°èÀÇ À̸¥¹Ù '°íÅëÀü´ã' ºÒ¸¸À» ´©±×·¯¶ß¸®°í ¹ÎÁÖ³ëÃÑ µîÀ»
³ë»çÁ¤À§·Î º¹±Í½ÃŰ´Â Áö¸§±æµµ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The Tripartie Committee, formed by representatives from labor, management
and government, is now facing the biggest obstacle in the 13 months since its
formation.
³ë»çÁ¤À§¿øÈ¸°¡ Ãâ¹ü 13°³¿ù¸¸¿¡ ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ÁÂÃÊÀ§±â¸¦ ¸Â°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Labor's side is demanding the end of one-sided layoffs and restructuring. If this
is not done, it threatens to withdraw completely from the committee.
The government, however, is busy seducing labor with concessions while
management in the business sector is warning the government not to promise
anything that companies can not fulfill.
¹ÎÁÖ³ëÃѰú Çѱ¹³ëÃÑÀº ÀϹæÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶Á¶Á¤°ú Á¤¸®Çذí öȸ µîÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϸç
À̹øÁÖÁß °¢±â ³ë»çÁ¤À§ Å»Å𸦠°ø¾ðÇϰí ÀÖ°í, Á¤ºÎ´Â À̸¦ ¸·±â À§ÇÑ ³ëµ¿°è
´Þ·¡±â¿¡¸¸ ¾È°£ÈûÀ» ½ñ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
»ç¿ëÀÚÃøÀÎ Àç°è ¶ÇÇÑ ³ë»ç¹®Á¦¿¡ Á¤Ä¡±ÇÀÌ °³ÀÔÇÏÁö ¸» °ÍÀ» ÁÖ¹®ÇÏ¸ç ´ëÀÀÃ¥
¸¶·Ã¿¡ ºÎ»êÇÏ´Ù.

Labor unions are planning a large demonstration against the government at
Seoul Station next week.
ƯÈ÷ ¹ÎÁÖ³ëÃÑÃøÀº 25ÀÏ ÇöÁ¤ºÎ¿ÍÀÇ Àü¸éÅõÀïÀ» ¼±¾ðÇϰí, 27ÀÏ ¼­¿ï µµ½É¿¡¼­
´ë±Ô¸ð Áýȸ±îÁö °èȹÇϰí ÀÖ¾î ³ë.Á¤ °¥µîÀÌ Á¤¸éÃæµ¹·Î Ä¡´ÞÀ» ¿ì·Áµµ ÀûÁö
¾Ê´Ù.

Although the current economic situation is certainly better, there is still a long
way to go and further painful restructuring. The relationship between labor and
management is the key to restructuring and international credibility.
°æÁ¦°¡ ȸº¹µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±¸Á¶Á¶Á¤À» À§ÇØ °¥ ±æÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ ¸Ö°í, ÀÌ
°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ³ë»ç°£ È­ÇÕÀº ´ë¿Ü½ÅÀεµ À¯Áö¿¡ Àý´ëÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼Ò´Ù.

* Mayday°¡ ¹«½¼ ¶æÀΰ¡?
=> ¼±¹ÚÀ̳ª Ç×°ø±â »ç°í¿¡¼­ °üÁ¦Å¾¿¡ ¹«¼±À¸·Î º¸³»´Â ±¸Á¶
¿äû Á¶³­ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¶æÇÑ´Ù°í.
ÀÌ´Â ºÒ¾î m'aider( = help me )¿¡¼­ À¯·¡ÇÔ.
ex) The plane sent out Mayday.ºñÇà±â°¡ Á¶³­½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸³Â´Ù.
±×¸®°í, May Day´Â ³ëµ¿Àý(Labor Day),¶Ç´Â 5¿ùÁ¦¸¦ ¶æÇÔ.

* °øÈÞÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©
=> ¹Ì±¹Àº °øÈÞÀÏÀ» ÀÏ¿äÀϰú °ãÄ¡Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï ¿äÀϺ°·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù
¸î¿ùÀÇ ¸î°ÁÖ·Î ¹«½¼ ¿äÀÏ·Î Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ÀϹÝÀû.
¿¹) Easter : ºÎȰÀý - 3¿ù21ÀÏÀÌÈÄ º¸¸§´Þ´ÙÀ½ ù ÀÏ¿äÀÏ
Memorial day : 5¿ùÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ¿ù¿äÀÏ
Labor Day : 9¿ùÀÇ Ã¹¹øÂ° ¿ù¿äÀÏ
Thanksgiving Day : 11¿ùÀÇ 4¹øÂ° ¸ñ¿äÀÏ
µû¶ó¼­ ÀÏ¿äÀϰú °ãÄ¥ ¿°·Á°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
¿äÀÏ·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì Åä¿äÀÏ, ÀÏ¿äÀϰú °ãÄ¡°Ô µÇ´õ¶ó
µµ ¾Õ´ç±â°Å³ª ´ÊÃç¼­ Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. À̶© ´Þ·Â¿£ ¿¹Àü°ú ´Ù¸£°Ô
±â³äµÈ´Ù ÇÏ¿© Reserved, Observed¶ó´Â ¸»À» ºÙ¿© Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
¿¹·Î President Day, Washington's Birthday°¡ ÀÏ¿äÀϰú °ã
Ä¡¸é ´Þ·Â¿£ ±× ÀÓ½ÃÀÏÀ» À§ ¿ë¾î·Î Ç¥±âÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ²À ¿ù¿äÀÏÀÌ °øÈÞÀÏÀÌ ÁöÁ¤µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.

division of labor ºÐ¾÷
There is some division of labor between wild creatures; the stork
and the wolf usually work the same neighborhood. - Robert Quillen
ÀÚ¿¬°èÀÇ µ¿¹° »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ Çùµ¿ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. Ȳ»õ¿Í ´Á´ë´Â
º¸Åë °°Àº ÀÌ¿ô¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÑ´Ù.

love at first sight ù´«¿¡ »ç¶û¿¡ ºüÁö´Â °Í
Adam invented love at first sight, one of the greatest labor-saving
machines the world ever saw. - Wilde
¾Æ´ãÀº ù´«¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ´Â »ç¶ûÀ» ¹ß¸íÇߴµ¥ À̰ÍÀº ÀÏÂî±â ¾ø¾ú´ø À§´ëÇÑ
³ëµ¿Àý¾à ±â°èÀÇ ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.

* ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ
ÀÔ¹ý,»ç¹ý,ÇàÁ¤ÀÇ 3±ÇºÐ¸³. ´ëÅë·É¹Ø¿¡ 14°³ÀÇ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ
Department of State ---------------------------- ±¹¹«ºÎ
Department of Treasury ------------------------- À繫ºÎ
Department of Defense -------------------------- ±¹¹æºÎ
Department of Justice -------------------------- ¹ý¹«ºÎ
Department of the Interior --------------------- ³»¹«ºÎ
Department of Agriculture ---------------------- ³ó¹«ºÎ
Department of Commerce ------------------------- »ó¹«ºÎ
Department of Labor ---------------------------- ³ëµ¿ºÎ
Department of Health & Human service ----------- º¸°ÇÈÄ»ýºÎ
Department of Housing & Urban development ------ ÁÖÅõµ½Ã°³¹ßºÎ
Department of Transportation ------------------- ¿î¼öºÎ
Department of Energe --------------------------- ¿¡³ÊÁöºÎ
Department of Education ------------------------ ±³À°ºÎ
Department of Veteran's Affairs ---------------- ÀçÇⱺÀκÎ
¹ý¹«ºÎÀå°ü(Attorney General)¸¸ »©°í ¸ðµç Àå°üÀº Secretary.
Àå°üÀº ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ÀÓ¸íÇÏ°í »ó¿ø¿¡¼­ ÀÎÁØÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ 14¸íÀÇ Àå°üÀÌ ³»°¢À»
ÀÌ·é´Ù.

dearth ºÎÁ·, °áÇÌ (scarcity)
The dearth of skilled labor compelled the employers to open trade schools.

sully º¯»ö½ÃŰ´Ù; ÈѼÕÇÏ´Ù (tarnish; soil)
He felt that it was beneath his dignity to sully his hands in such menial
labor.

travail ³ë°í (painful labor)
How long do you think a man can endure such travail and degradation without
rebelling?

ÀÚ¹ß: as soon, at will, labor of love, of one's own accord, of one's own
free will

The cost of labor risen dramatically.
³ëÀÓÀÌ ¾öû³ª°Ô ¿Ã¶ú½À´Ï´Ù.

Labor costs went up.
ÀÓ±ÝÀÌ ¿Ã¶ú½À´Ï´Ù.

It got held up due to the labor strike problems we've been having.
°è¼Ó ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇ¾î ¿Â ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀÇ ÆÄ¾÷ ¶§¹®¿¡ Áö¿¬µÆ½À´Ï´Ù.

But won't it cost you a lot? I mean the labor and all that, you know.
±×·¸Áö¸¸ ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ¸é ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ µéÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î¿ä? ³ëµ¿ºñ °°Àº °Í ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Labor problems. A strike has slowed down the production line.
ÆÄ¾÷ ¶§¹®ÀÌÁÒ. ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×µ¿¾È °øÀåÀÇ »ý»ê·®ÀÌ ¶³¾îÁ³½À´Ï´Ù.

That labor unrest we had a while ago really set us back a lot.
¾ó¸¶Àü ÀúÈñ ȸ»ç¿¡ ³ë»çºÐ±Ô°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿© Á¤¸» ¸¹Àº Â÷ÁúÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

Well, Mr. Brown, I'd like to help you, but you know, with the labor strikes, and all...
Àú, ºê¶ó¿î¾¾. ±Í»çÃøÀ» µµ¿Íµå¸®°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, ¾Æ½Ã´Ù½ÃÇÇ ÆÄ¾÷ÀÌ´Ù ¹¹´Ù ÇØ¼­...

We've got labor-management troubles.
³ë»ç°£¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý°å½À´Ï´Ù.

Mr. Brown, I'm afraid I've got some bad news for you.
ºê¶ó¿î¾¾, ¾È ÁÁÀº ¼Ò½ÄÀÌ Àִµ¥¿ä.
Oh-oh. Break it to me gently.
¿À, ±×·¡¿ä. ÀúÇÑÅ× Çѹø ¸»¾¸ÇØ º¸¼¼¿ä.

We've got labor-management troubles, and the way it looks to me, labor's going to win.
³ë»ç°£¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý°å´Âµ¥, Á¦ »ý°¢¿¡ ³ëµ¿ÀÚÃøÀÌ ÀÌ±æ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

I see these days Korea has the same old problems as America: labor unions.
¿äÁîÀ½ Çѱ¹À» º¸¸é ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ¿À·¡Àü¿¡ °Þ¾ú´ø °Í°ú ¶È°°Àº ¹®Á¦¸¦ °Þ°í ÀÖ´Â °Í °°¾Æ¿ä, ³ëÁ¶¹®Á¦ ¸»ÀÌ¿¡¿ä.

Gone are the days of cheap labor.
°ª½Ñ ³ëµ¿·ÂÀÇ ½ÃÀýÀº Áö³ª°¡ ¹ö·È±º¿ä.

We haven't been able to computerize ourselves very much. However, because of Korea's high population density, we can use a lot of labor at relatively low costs.
ÀúÈñ °øÀåÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ ¿ÏÀüÀÚµ¿È­°¡ ¾È µÆÁö¸¸, ÀúÈñ ³ª¶óÀÇ ³ôÀº Àα¸¹Ðµµ ´öÅÃÀ¸·Î ³ëµ¿·ÂÀ» ²Ï ½Î°Ô ¾òÀ» ¼ö Àְŵç¿ä.

Those labor strikes we had a few months back really held up production.
¸î ´Þ Àü¿¡ ÀÖÀº ÆÄ¾÷À¸·Î »ý»êÀÌ Áö¿¬µÇ¾ú¾ú°Åµç¿ä.

The labor strikes haven't helped either.
ÆÄ¾÷µµ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÆ±¸¿ä.

They say that in Korea many companies are not able to work properly because they are having labor disputes.
Çѱ¹¿¡¼­´Â ¸¹Àº ȸ»çµéÀÌ ³ëµ¿ÀïÀǸ¦ ÇÏ´À¶ó°í ÀÏÀ» Á¦´ë·Î ¸øÇϰí Àִٸ鼭¿ä?

Have you ever done any manual labor?
³Ê, ¸·³ëµ¿ ÇØ ºÃ¾î?

He had the calloused and grimy hands of a man who has done hard physical labor for many years.
±×´Â ¿©·¯ ÇØ µ¿¾È Èûµå´Â À°Ã¼³ëµ¿ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ø ¹ÚÈ÷°í ¶§¹¯Àº ¼ÕÀ» °®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

The overall charges for the parts and labor are itemized in your statement.

They tried to induce labor because the baby was overdue.; Television commercials induce people to buy new products.
±×µéÀº ºÐ¸¸ ¿¹Á¤ÀÏÀÌ Áö³µ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ºÐ¸¸À» ½ÃŰ·Á Çß´Ù.

Though he has been asked repeatedly to be an intermediary in the labor dispute, the mayor so far has refused to intercede.
±× ³ë»çºÐ±Ô¿¡¼­ ÁßÀçÀÚ °¡ µÇ¾î´Þ¶ó´Â ºÎŹÀ» ¿©·¯¹ø ¹Þ¾ÒÁö¸¸ ½ÃÀåÀº Áö±Ý±îÁö ÁßÀçÇϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇØ¿Ô´Ù.

We shall oppose any changes in the labor code that appear inimical to the health and safety of workers.
³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ °Ç°­¿¡ ÇØ·Î¿Í º¸ÀÌ´Â ³ëµ¿¹ý±ÔÀÇ ¾î¶² °³Á¤µµ ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ý´ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The pyramids and other tombs were built on the west bank of the Nile River.
The Egyptians chose the west bank as the ¡°land of the dead¡± because that was where the dying sun disappeared each evening.
The building of the pyramids was generally started during the dry season of May and June.
The crops of the year before had been harvested.
The farmers had no work to do in the fields.
The farmers became pyramid builders.
They were paid for their labor in food and clothing.
ÇǶó¹Ìµå¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ¹«´ýµéÀº ³ªÀÏ °­ÀÇ ¼­¾È(à¤äÍ)¿¡ Áö¾îÁ³´Ù.
ÀÌÁýÆ®ÀεéÀº ÀÌ ¼­¾ÈÀ» ¡°»çÀÚ(ÞÝíº)ÀÇ ¶¥¡±À̶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ¸ÅÀÏ Àú³á ¼®¾çÀÌ Áö´Â °÷À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
ÇǶó¹ÌµåÀÇ °Ç¼³Àº 5¿ù°ú 6¿ùÀÇ °Ç±â¿¡ º¸Åë ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù.
ÀÌÀü ÇØÀÇ ³óÀÛ¹°µéÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ´Ù ¼öÈ®À» ¸¶ÃƱ⠶§¹®¿¡ , ³óºÎµéÀº µéÆÇ¿¡¼­ ÇÒÀÏÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
³óºÎµéÀº ÇǶó¹Ìµå °Ç¼³ Àκΰ¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
±×µé¿¡°Ô´Â ½Ä·®°ú ÀǺ¹ÀÌ ³ëµ¿ÀÇ ´ë°¡·Î Á¦°øµÇ¾ú´Ù.

The combine relieved farmers of much of the burden of harvest.
It enabled farmers to rescue crops which otherwise might have been lost.
The combine was first developed for use in countries where the climate was suitable for grain production.
It was said that the climate in such countries as the British Isles was totally unsuitable for its use.
However, this was not true.
Combines work in quite damp conditions.
The use of a combine resulted in a big reduction in the time and labor required to harvest a given crop
because only one or, at the most, two men were needed to operate the machine.
Other labor required to transport the grain to storage was not excessive.
ÄÞ¹ÙÀÎ(º¹½Ä ¼öÈ®±â, ³ó±â°èÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾)Àº ³óºÎµéÀÇ ¼öÈ®ÀÇ ¼ö°í¸¦ Å©°Ô ´ú¾î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
ÄÞ¹ÙÀÎÀº ³óºÎµéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é ÀÒÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¼öÈ®À» °¡´ÉÄÉ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ÄÞ¹ÙÀÎÀº °î¹° »ý»ê¿¡ Àû´çÇÑ ±âÈÄÀÇ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÉ ¿ëµµ·Î ¸ÕÀú °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù.
¿µ±¹ °°Àº ³ª¶óÀÇ ³¯¾¾µé¿¡¼­´Â ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÄÞ¹ÙÀÎÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ ¸ÂÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ¸»ÇØÁ³´Ù.
±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
ÄÞ¹ÙÀÎÀº ¸Å¿ì ½À±â°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÛ¾÷ ȯ°æ¿¡¼­µµ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
ÄÞ¹ÙÀÎÀÇ »ç¿ëÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø ÀÛ¹°À» ¼öÈ®ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¿ä±¸µÇ¾îÁö´Â ³ëµ¿·Â°ú ½Ã°£À» Å©°Ô °¨¼Ò½ÃÄ×´Ù.
¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ ¸í ±â²¯ÇØ¾ß µÎ ¸íÀÇ ³²ÀÚ¸é ±× ±â°è¸¦ ¿î¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
â°í·Î °î¹°À» ¿î¼ÛÇϴµ¥ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ³ëµ¿·ÂÀº Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¸¹Áö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

Convinced that education is their best hope for the future,
many Kenyan parents are willing to make great sacrifices to send their children to high school.
They quickly discover, however, that there are not enough schools for everyone.
Even the high schools run by the government are too expensive for many families.
Kenyans have found an answer to the problem in harambee, a word that means self-help.
As part of the harambee movement, many villages built their own high schools.
Villagers organized fund-raising campaigns instead of expecting their government to help them.
Church groups donated some of the money.
Those who had no money to give donated their labor.
±³À°ÀÌ ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÖ°íÀÇ Èñ¸ÁÀ̶ó´Â Á¡À» È®½ÅÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡,
ÄɳÄÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎ¸ðµéÀº ÀÚ³àµéÀ» °íµîÇб³¿¡ º¸³»±â À§ÇØ ±â²¨ÀÌ ¸¹Àº Èñ»ýÀ» Ä¡¸¥´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×µéÀº °ð ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ Çб³°¡ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÈ´Ù.
½ÉÁö¾î Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼­ ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â °íµîÇб³Á¶Â÷µµ ¸¹Àº °¡Á·µé¿¡°Ô´Â Çкñ°¡ ³Ê¹« ºñ½Î´Ù.
ÄÉ³Ä ÀεéÀº ÀÚÁ¶(í»ð¾)¸¦ ¶æÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾îÀÎ harambee¿¡¼­ ±× ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀ» ã¾Ò´Ù.
harambee ¿îµ¿ÀÇ ÀÏȯÀ¸·Î ¸¹Àº ¸¶À»¿¡¼­ ÀڽŵéÀÇ °íµîÇб³¸¦ Áö¾ú´Ù.
¸¶À» »ç¶÷µéÀº Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±×µéÀ» µµ¿ÍÁֱ⸦ ±â´ëÇϱ⺸´Ù´Â ±â±Ý ¸ð±Ý ¿îµ¿ ´Üü¸¦ Á¶Á÷Çß´Ù.
±³È¸ ´Üü¿¡¼­µµ ¾à°£ÀÇ µ·À» ±âºÎÇß´Ù.
±âºÎÇÒ µ·ÀÌ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ³ëµ¿·ÂÀ» Á¦°øÇß´Ù.

The happy also value pleasures that involve personal effort.
For Ken Rogers, happiness was a cottage on a small lake near Auburn, Indiana.
As a young factory worker, Rogers was determined to give his three children summers they would always remember.
So he cleared a plot of land, built a cottage, and tied a $1 rope to a willow tree for a swing.
Rogers did everything himself because at the time he was in poverty.
Now, when his grown children visit, it's his labors of love that they recall most fondly.
ÇູÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ³ë·ÂÀÌ ´ã±ä Áñ°Å¿òÀ» ¼ÒÁßÇÏ°Ô ¿©±ä´Ù.
Ken Rogers¿¡°Ô À־, ÇູÀº IndianaÁÖ Auburn ±Ùó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÛÀº È£¼ý°¡ÀÇ ÀÛÀº ÁýÀ̾ú´Ù.
ÀþÀº °øÀå³ëµ¿ÀÚ¿´´ø Rogers´Â ±×ÀÇ ¼¼ ÀÚ³àµé¿¡°Ô ¾ðÁ¦±îÁö³ª ±â¾ï¿¡ ³²À» ¿©¸§À» ¼±»çÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í °á½ÉÇß´Ù.
±×·¡¼­ ±×´Â Á¶±×¸¶ÇÑ ¶¥À» ´ëÁö·Î °³°£ÇÏ¿© ÀÛÀº ÁýÀ» Áþ°í ¹öµå³ª¹«¿¡ 1´Þ·¯Â¥¸® ·ÎÇÁ¸¦ °É¾î ±×³×¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
Rogers´Â ´ç½Ã °æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ¿©À¯°¡ ¾ø¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±× ¸ðµç ÀÏÀ» È¥ÀÚ¼­ ÇØ³Â´Ù.
¿äÁò ¼ºÀåÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ÀÚ³àµéÀÌ Ã£¾Æ¿Ã ¶§, ±×µéÀÌ °¡Àå ´ÙÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô È¸»óÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ º¸¿©ÁØ »ç¶ûÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ´Ù.

In the 1700's and 1800's, the men's role included earning an income to support a family and working in the farms,
while the female's role included the responsibility to have and to care for children, running a household and assisting a husband in farm labor.
Running a household and caring for children was considered a ¡°full-time" job.
Children were taught their roles when they were very young.
Boys were shown how to farm and provide for their future families' as they attended school.
Girls learned how to do the household chores and received only the very basic education.
They were taught how to be wives and mothers.
1700³â´ë¿Í 1800³â´ë¿¡ ³²¼ºÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀº °¡Á· ºÎ¾çÀ» À§ÇØ µ·À» ¹ú°í ³óÀå¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
¹Ý¸é¿¡ ¿©¼ºÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀº Áý¾ÈÀÏÀ» ÇÏ¸ç ³óÀå¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏ´Â ³²ÆíÀ» µµ¿ì¸ç ¾Æ±â¸¦ °®°í ¾ÆÀ̸¦ º¸»ìÇÇ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
Áý¾ÈÀÏÀ» ÇÏ°í ¾ÆÀÌ µ¹º¸±â´Â Á÷¾÷À¸·Î °£ÁֵǾú´Ù.
¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ¾î¸± ¶§ ±×µéÀÇ ½º½º·ÎÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¹è¿ü´Ù.
»ç³»¿¡°Ô´Â ±×µéÀÌ Çб³¿¡ ´Ù´Ò ¶§ ¾î¶»°Ô ³ó»ç¸¦ Áþ°í Àå·¡ÀÇ ±×µé °¡Á·À» ºÎ¾çÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù.
¿©ÀÚ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº Áý¾ÈÀÇ ÀÚÁú±¸·¹ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô Çϴ°¡¸¦ ¹è¿ü°í ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÁÖ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ±³À°¸¸À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
±×µéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ¾Æ³»°¡ µÇ°í ¾ö¸¶°¡ µÇ´Â°¡¸¦ ¹è¿ü´Ù.

Their daily routine gives them an adequate amount of exercise and helps them stay in shape.
However, machines that can do heavy labor more speedily are replacing this type of work
±×µéÀÇ ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ ÀÏÀº ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÀûÀýÇÑ ·®ÀÇ ¿îµ¿À» Á¦°øÇØÁÖ°í ¸öÀÇ ÄÁµð¼ÇÀ» À¯ÁöÇϵµ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁØ´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸, º¸´Ù ºü¸¥ ¼Óµµ·Î Èûµç ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±â°è°¡ ÀÌ·± ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÀÏÀ» ´ë½ÅÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

Americans see much of life as a race for success.
¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº ÀλýÀÇ »ó´çÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ» ¼º°øÀ» À§ÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ °æÁÖ·Î »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
For them, equality means that everyone should have equal chance to enter the race and win.
±×µé¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î, ÆòµîÀ̶õ ¸ðµç À̰¡ ÀÌ °æÁÖ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇØ ÀÌ±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¿µîÇÑ ±âȸ¸¦ °¡Á®¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.
In other words, equality of opportunity may be thought of as an ethical rule.
¹Ù²Ù¾î ¸»ÇÏ¸é ±âȸÀÇ ±ÕµîÀº À±¸®Àû ±Ô¹üÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ¾î Áú ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
It helps ensure that the race for success is a fair one and that a person does not win just because he or she was born into a wealthy family.
±×°ÍÀº ¼º°øÀ» À§ÇÑ °æÁÖ°¡ °øÁ¤Çϸç, ´ÜÁö ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ °¡Á¤¿¡¼­ ž´Ù°í ÇØ¼­ °æÁÖ¿¡¼­ À̱â´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» º¸ÀåÇØÁØ´Ù.
President Abraham Lincoln expressed this belief in the 1860s when he said, "We wish to allow the humblest man an equal chance to get rich with everybody else.
When one starts poor, as most do in the race of life, a free society is such that he knows he can better his condition: he knows that there is no fixed condition of labor for his whole life."
¾Æºê¶óÇÔ ¸µÄÁ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº 1860³â´ë¿¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÀÌ ½Å³äÀ» Ç¥ÃâÇß´Ù.
"¿ì¸®´Â °¡Àå ºñõÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ôµµ ´Ù¸¥ À̵é°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ºÎÀ¯ÇÏ°Ô µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ¸¦ Áֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ º¸À߰;øÀÌ ½ÃÀÛÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ÀλýÀÇ °æÁÖ¿¡¼­ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ±×·¸µíÀÌ, ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î »çȸ´Â ±×°¡ ±×ÀÇ Á¶°ÇµéÀ» º¯È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±×·± »çȸÀÌ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ ±×ÀÇ Àü»ý¾Ö¿¡ °íÁ¤µÈ ³ëµ¿ Á¶°ÇÀº ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »çȸ´Ù."

More and more people express concern about the appropriate balance of work with leisure and other aspects of their lives.
Á¡Á¡´õ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿©°¡¿Í ±×µé »îÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ±¹¸é°ú ÀÏÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ ±ÕÇü¿¡ °üÇØ °ü½ÉÀ» Ç¥¸íÇÑ´Ù.
Thus, they may be less willing to accept overtime assignments or to work long hours or weekends.
±×·¡¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀº Àܾ÷À» Çϰųª, ¿À·£ ½Ã°£À̳ª ÁÖ¸»¿¡ ÀÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ŽŹÁö ¾Ê°Ô ¿©±ä´Ù.
Further, there are growing numbers of single-parent families and families in which both spouses work.
´õ±¸³ª ÆíÄ£ °¡Á¤°ú ¸Â¹úÀÌ °¡Á¤ÀÌ ´Ã°í ÀÖ´Ù.
A record 6 out of 10 mothers with children under eighteen years old were in the labor force in 1984, compared with only 4 out of 10 in 1970.
18¼¼ ÀÌÇÏÀÇ Àڳฦ µÐ ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ Á÷¾÷À» °¡Áö´Â °ÍÀÌ 1970³â¿¡´Â 10¸í Áß 4¸íÀÎ °Í¿¡ ºñÇØ 1984³â¿¡´Â 10¸íÁß 6¸íÀ̶ó´Â ±â·ÏÀ» ¼¼¿ü´Ù.
These trends create pressures on organizations to be flexible enough in working hours so that children can be picked up from school or taken to the doctor or dentist.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æÇâÀº ¾î¸Ó´Ï°¡ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» Çб³¿¡¼­ µ¥·Á¿À°í, º´¿øÀ̳ª Ä¡°ú¿¡ µ¥·Á°¥ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±Ù¹«½Ã°£ÀÌ ÃæºÐÇÑ À¶Å뼺ÀÌ ÀÖµµ·Ï Á¶Á÷[ȸ»ç]¿¡ ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
There are also more pressures on organizations and communities to provide day-care centers.
¶ÇÇÑ Á¶Á÷À̳ª Áö¿ª »çȸ¿¡ Ź¾Æ¼Ò¸¦ Á¦°øÇϵµ·Ï ´õ ¸¹Àº ¾Ð·ÂÀ» °¡Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

The workers trust their bosses to make the right decisions because there is a
pervasive sense that both labor and management are working together.
³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀº »ó°üÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ °áÁ¤À» ³»¸± °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ï´Â´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé
³ëµ¿ÀÚ¿Í °æ¿µÀÚ´Â ÇÔ²² ÀÏÇÑ´Ù´Â(µ¿Áö¶ó´Â) »ý°¢ÀÌ ³Î¸® ÆÛÁ®Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

The introduction of labor-saving technology has cost many people their jobs.
³ëµ¿À» Àý¾àÇØÁÖ´Â °øÇбâ¼úÀÇ µµÀÔÀ¸·Î ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ ÀÒ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

How Saura Abdullaeva and the 30 million other Muslim Central Asians look at the
world is a subject that preoccupies the Kremlin these days. The basic reason: The
Central Asian Muslim population of the Soviet Union is growing give times as fast
as the country's ethnic Russian population. This means that ethnic Russians soon
will be a minority and there may be as many Central Asians as Russians entering
the labor force and the military.
½Î¿ì¶ó ¾ÐµÑ¸®¿¡ºÁ¾Æ 3õ¸¸¸íÀÇ ±×¹ÛÀÇ Áß¾Ó ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÇ È¸±³ÀεéÀÌ ¼¼°è¸¦
¾î¶»°Ô ¹Ù¶óº¸´À³Ä´Â ¹®Á¦´Â ¿ä»çÀÌ Å©·½¸° ÅëÄ¡ÀÚµéÀ» »ç·ÎÀâ°í ÀÖ´Â ¹®Á¦´Ù.
±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÏ´Ù. ¼Ò·ÃÀÇ Áß¾Ó ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ȸ±³µµ Àα¸°¡ ¼Ò·ÃÀÇ ·¯½Ã¾Æ
ÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ Àα¸ÀÇ ´Ù¼¸ ¹è ºü¸£°Ô Áõ°¡Çϰí Àִµ¥, À̰ÍÀÌ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ·¯½Ã¾Æ
ÀÎÁ¾ÀÌ °ð ¼Ò¼ö°¡ µÉ °ÍÀ̰í, ¾î¼¸é ·¯½Ã¾Æ ÀÎÁ¾°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö ¼öÈ¿ÀÇ Áß¾Ó
¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀεéÀÌ ³ëµ¿°è¿Í ±º´ë¿¡ µé¾î°¡°í ÀÖÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Protectionism, inspired by the global recession and the 1979 oil crisis,
bit into foreign sales at just the time that other, less developed countries
like China and the Philippines began producing and exporting products of
their own at even lower labor costs.
º¸È£¹«¿ªÁ¤Ã¥ÀÌ-À̰ÍÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀº ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ºÒȲ°ú 1979³âÀÇ ¼®À¯À§±â¿´´Âµ¥-¾ç±¹ÀÇ ¼öÃâÀ»
°¨¼Ò½ÃÄ״µ¥ À̰ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î Áß°ø°ú Çʸ®ÇÉ °°Àº ÀÌµé º¸´Ù ´ú °³¹ßµÇ¾îÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óµéÀÌ
´õ¿í ´õ ³·Àº ³ëµ¿ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÚ±¹ÀÇ »ý»êǰÀ» ¸¸µé¾î¼­ ¼öÃâÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ ¶§¿´´Ù.

So far, his labor has yielded only two volumes; the third is in the works
and he hopes the fourth and final will be on sale by 1985.
Áö±Ý±îÁö, ±×ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀ¸·Î ´ÜÁö µÎ ±ÇÀÌ ³ª¿Ô´Âµ¥, Á¦ 3±ÇÀº ÇöÀç ÀμâÁß¿¡
ÀÖ°í ¸¶Áö¸· Á¦ 4±ÇÀº 1985³â±îÁö´Â ÆÇ¸ÅµÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±×´Â Èñ¸ÁÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

* withdraw ö¼ö½ÃŰ´Ù pull or draw back; take out or away:
±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀº ÀÏÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù°í À§ÇùÇß´Ù.
The workers threatened to withdraw their labor.

The firm I work for had had some difficult labor negotiations, but
eventually a new contract was ratified. Not long after, we were at
a company softball game, and the fellow at bat swung at the ball
and missed. "Strike!" yelled the umpire.
"We're still a little touchy about that," one of my co-workers remarked.
"Couldn't you just say, 'Not a ball' ?"
³»°¡ ±Ù¹«Çϴ ȸ»ç´Â ³ë»ç Çù»ó¿¡ »ó´çÇÑ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ¾úÁö¸¸ °á±¹ »õ·Î¿î
°è¾àÀÌ Å¸°áµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×ÈÄ ¾ó¸¶ ¾ÈµÅ¼­ ȸ»ç¿¡¼­ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®º¼ °ÔÀÓÀ» Çߴµ¥
ŸÀÚ°¡ °øÀ» ÇêÃÆ´Ù. "½ºÆ®¶óÀÌÅ©!" ½ÉÆÇÀÌ ¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù.
"½ºÆ®¶óÀÌÅ©¶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °Å½½¸®´Â±º," µ¿·á ÇÑ»ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù.
"³ë º¼"À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ»±î?"

So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are
becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labor.
No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer, for there are
countless do-it-yourself publications.
Armed with the right tools and materials, newly-weds gaily embark
on the task of decorating their own homes.
Men of all ages spend hours of their leisure time installing their own
fireplaces, laying out their own gardens; building garages and making
furniture.
Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own record
players and radio transmitters. Shops cater to the do-it-yourself
craze not only by running special advisory services for novices,
but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble
at home.
Such things provide an excellent outlet to pent-up creative energy, but
unfortunately not all of us are born handymen.
ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Á÷Á¢ ¸¸µé¾î º¸·Á´Â ¿­Àǰ¡ Ä¿Áö¸é¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ ³ëµ¿¿¡ ´ú
ÀÇÁ¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
Á÷Á¢ ¸¸µå´Â ¹ý¿¡ °üÇÑ ÃâÆÇ¹°ÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾î¶² ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ¹«ÁöÇÏ´Ù´Â
Çΰè´Â ÅëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ÀûÇÕÇÑ µµ±¸¿Í Àç·á¸¦ °¡Áö°í ½ÅÈ¥ºÎºÎµéÀº Áñ°Ì°Ô Áý ²Ù¹Ì´Â ÀÏÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
³ªÀ̿ʹ °ü°è¾øÀÌ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿©°¡ ½Ã°£À» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ³­¹æ½Ã¼³À» ¼³Ä¡Çϰųª,
Á¤¿øÀ» ²Ù¹Ì°Å³ª, Â÷°í¸¦ Áþ°Å³ª °¡±¸¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù.
¾ÆÁÖ ¿­¼ºÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀº ³ìÀ½±â³ª ¶óµð¿À¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇϱâ±îÁö ÇÑ´Ù. »óÁ¡µéÀº
Á÷Á¢ ÇØº¸´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ¿­¼ºÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇØ Ãʺ¸ÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ Æ¯º° ¼­ºñ½º¸¦
¿î¿µÇÒ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼ÒºñÀڵ鿡°Ô Áý¿¡¼­ Á¶¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ºÎǰ ¼¼Æ®¸¦
ÆÇ¸ÅÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀº âÀÛ ¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¹èÃⱸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇØ ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ ¼±ÃµÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ÕÀçÁÖ°¡ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷µéµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

The uncertain economic conditions of recent years have caused union and
management representatives to explore many ways of handling labor problems.
Workers have always wanted to share in the profits when the company has
good times.
Now management representatives are saying, "Fine. We'll share the profits
with you¡ªif you'll share the losses with us."
Workers are having to decide whether they are willing to take the chance
of salary and benefit cuts in bad times. They are having to decide whether
job security is more important than other benefits.
In effect, they are having to decide whether they are willing and able to
pay the cost of sharing.
Áö³­ ¿©·¯ ÇØ µ¿¾È °æÁ¦ »çÁ¤ÀÌ ºÒÅõ¸íÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ³ë»ç ´ëÇ¥µéÀº ³ëµ¿ ¹®Á¦¸¦
ÇØ°áÇÏ·Á´Â ¸¹Àº ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» ¸ð»öÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀº ȸ»ç°¡ ȣȲÀ» ¸Â¾ÒÀ» ¶§
ÀÌÀÍÀ» ³ª´©¾î ¹Þ±â¸¦ ¿øÇß´Ù.
»ç¿ëÀÚ Ãø ´ëÇ¥µéÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. "ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÀÍÀ» ³ª´©¾î µå¸®°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.
¼Õ½ÇÀ» ¿ì¸®¿Í ÇÔ²² ³ª´«´Ù¸é."
±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀº °æ±â°¡ ³ª»¦À» ¶§ ±Þ·á¿Í ÇýÅÃÀÌ »è°¨µÇ´Â À§Çè ºÎ´ãÀ» °¨¼öÇØ¾ß
ÇÒÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ Á÷ÀåÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ÇýÅõ麸´Ù Áß¿äÇÑ Áö¸¦
°áÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
½ÇÁ¦·Î ±×µéÀº ¼ÕÀÍÀ» ±â²¨ÀÌ ÇÔ²² ³ª´­ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

At the depth of the depression, in 1993, one American worker in every four
was out of a job, while unemployment ranged between 15 percent and 25 percent
of the labor force in other countries.
±ØµµÀÇ °æ±â ħü±â¿´´ø 1933³â¿¡´Â ¹Ì±¹ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ ³× ¸í Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀÌ Á÷ÀåÀ» ÀÒÀº
ÇÑÆí, ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­´Â ½Ç¾÷·üÀÌ 15%¿¡¼­ 25%¿¡ ´ÞÇß´Ù.

Although vehicle prices are usually revised in September and March
to absorb increased production and labor costs, we have decided to
keep all models at the current prices until March, 19¡¦.
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Â÷·®°¡°ÝÀº »ý»êºñ ¹× ³ëµ¿ºñÀÇ Áõ°¡¿¡ µû¶ó 9¿ù°ú 3¿ù¿¡
°³Á¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù¸¸, 19 - - ³â 3¿ù±îÁö´Â ¸ðµç ¸ðµ¨¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇöÇà°¡°ÝÀ» À¯ÁöÇϱâ·Î
°áÁ¤Çß½À´Ï´Ù.
to absorb increased costs [ºñ¿ëÁõ°¡¿¡ ´ëóÇϱâ À§ÇØ]

In the interim, as you know, we have triefd unsuccessfully to make the
very expensive piece of equipment operational. Despite the best efforts
of our technical staff and your technical representatives, the slicer
still performs far below what you claim in your technical
specifications. This has already cost us a great deal in wasted labor
expenses and lost production.
¾Æ½Ã´Ù½ÃÇÇ, ±×µ¿¾È ÀúÈñ´Â ÀÌ °í°¡(ÍÔʤ)ÀÇ ±â°è¸¦ »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÅä·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇØ
¿©·¯ °¡Áö·Î ¾Ö¸¦ ½èÁö¸¸ Çê¼ö°í¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ÀúÈñÃø ±â¼úÁø°ú ±ÍÃø ±â¼úÀÚ ´ëÇ¥
µéÀÇ °®Àº ³ë·Â¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ½½¶óÀ̼­´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ±â¼ú ¸í¼¼¼­¿¡¼­ ±Í»ç°¡ ¼±ÀüÇÏ
°í ÀÖ´Â ¼öÁØ¿¡ ÈξÀ ¸ø¹ÌÄ¡°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ´ç»ç´Â ¸·´ëÇÑ ÀΰǺñÀÇ
³¶ºñ¿Í »ý»êÀúÇ϶ó´Â Å« ¼Õ½ÇÀ» ÀÔ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
have tried unsuccessfully [½ÃµµÇßÁö¸¸ Çê¼ö°í¿´´Ù]
very expensive piece of equipment [°í°¡ÀÇ ±â±â]
Despite the best effort [ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ³ë·Â¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí]
perform far below what you claim [ÁÖÀåÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¼º´Éº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ¶³¾îÁø´Ù]
This has already cost~ [ÀÌ¹Ì ~ÀÇ ºñ¿ëÀÌ µé¾ú´Ù]

I have just read of your appointment as Minister of Commerce after
the general election. I would like to extend my warmest congratulations
to you on this auspicious occasion as well as to your Labor Party on
your victory in the election.
ÃѼ±°Å ÈÄ »ó¹«Àå°üÀ¸·Î ÀÓ¸íµÇ¼Ì´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æ±Ý Àоú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °æ»ç½º·¯¿î
ÀÏÀ» Áø½ÉÀ¸·Î ÃàÇϵ帮¸ç ¼±°Å¿¡¼­ ³ëµ¿´çÀÌ ½Â¸®ÇÑ °Íµµ ¾Æ¿ï·¯ ÃàÇϵ帳´Ï´Ù.
Your appointment as~ [~¿¡ ÀÓ¸íµÈ °Í]
I would like to extend my warmest congratulations to you on [~À» Áø½ÉÀ¸·Î
ÃàÇϵ帳´Ï´Ù] °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ ÃàÇϹ®±¸.
this auspicious occasion [ÀÌ·± °æ»ç½º·± ÀÏ] auspicious´Â '°æ»ç½º·¯¿î'ÀÇ
¶æÀ¸·Î, °Ý½ÄÀ» Â÷¸° ¸».

È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ±â°è°¡ À°Ã¼ ³ëµ¿À» ´ë½ÅÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
Efficient machinery replaced manual labor.

(¹«º¸¼ö·Î)ÁÁ¾Æ¼­ ÇÏ´Â ÀÏ, »ç¶ûÀÌ ¼ö°í.
A labor of love.

Àΰ£ÀÇ ÇູÀº »ýȰ¿¡ ÀÖ°í, »ýȰÀº ³ëµ¿¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
The happiness of man consists in life, and life is in labor.

We often hear that high achievers are hard-working people who bring work
home and labor over it until bedtime. When Garfield interviewed top
people in major industries, however, he found that they knew how to relax
and could leave their work at the office. They also spent a healthy
amount of time with their family and friends. Successful people are
willing to work hard, but within strict limits. For them, work is not
everything. Will you work hard all the time?
°íµµÀÇ ¼ºÃëÀÚµéÀº ÀϰŸ®¸¦ Áý¿¡ °¡Á®¿Í ÀáÀÚ±â Àü±îÁö ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â ±Ù¸éÇÑ
»ç¶÷µéÀ̶ó´Â ¾ê±â¸¦ ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÚÁÖ µè´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Garfield°¡ ÁÖ¿ä »ê¾÷ÀÇ
´ë»§µé°ú ÀÎÅͺäÇØ¼­, ±×µéÀÌ ÈÞ½ÄÀ» ÃëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë¸ç ÀϰŸ®¸¦ »ç¹«½Ç¿¡
³²°Ü µÎ°í Åð±ÙÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°Ô ‰ç´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ °¡Á·, Ä£±¸µé°ú ÃæºÐÇÑ
¾çÀÇ ½Ã°£À» º¸³Â´Ù. ¼º°øÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±â²¨ÀÌ ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ÀÏÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾ö°ÝÇÑ Çѵµ
³»¿¡¼­¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µé¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÏÀÌ ÀüºÎ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº Ç×»ó ¿­½ÉÈ÷ ÀÏÇÏ·Á
Çϳª¿ä?

Money is merely a convenient medium of exchange - nothing more and
nothing less. Before its invention, mankind used the barter system of
trading objects for other objects or services. One pig might have been
worth five chickens in trade ; a week's labor might have yielded one
goat, and so on. Can you imagine the problems of carrying around enough
livestock or grain to do one's weekly shopping? The barter system worked
well until people started to move about more and to greater distances.
µ·Àº ´ÜÁö Æí¸®ÇÑ ±³È¯¸ÅüÀÌÁö ±× ÀÌ»óµµ ±× ÀÌÇϵµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. µ·ÀÇ
¹ß¸íÀÌÀü¿¡, Àηù´Â ¾î¶² ¹°°ÇÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ¹°°ÇÀ̳ª ¿ë¿ª°ú ±³È¯ÇÏ´Â ¹°¹°±³È¯À»
»ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±³È¯¿¡ ÀÖ¾î µÅÁö ÇÑ ¸¶¸®´Â ´ß 5¸¶¸®ÀÇ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ» Å×°í,
ÀÏÁÖÀÏÀÇ ³ëµ¿Àº ¿°¼Ò ÇÑ ¸¶¸®¸¦ ³º¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±âŸµîµî. ¸ÅÁÖ ¼îÇÎÀ» À§ÇØ
°¡ÃàÀ̳ª °î½ÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ´Ù´Ï´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? ¹°¹°±³È¯Á¦µµ´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ, ´õ ¸Ö¸® µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï±â ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§±îÁö´Â È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

[À§Å°] ¿À½ºÆ®·¹Àϸ®¾Æ ³ëµ¿´ç Australian Labor Party

[À§Å°] ¹Ì±¹ ³ëµ¿ºÎ United States Department of Labor

[À§Å°] ·¹À̹ö µ¥ÀÌ Labor Day (film)

[À§Å°] ³ëµ¿Àý (¹Ì±¹) Labor Day

[À§Å°] ³ëµ¿°¡Ä¡¼³ Labor theory of value

[À§Å°] À̽º¶ó¿¤ ³ëµ¿´ç Israeli Labor Party

[ÛÝ] °¡Å縯³ëµ¿¿îµ¿ Catholic labor movement

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿À̵¿·ü (Ò¾ÔÑì¹ÔÑ×Ë) labor turnover

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿Åë°è (Ò¾ÔÑ÷Öͪ) labor statistics

[ÛÝ] ±ÃÇÌÈ­¹ýÄ¢ (Ïãù¹ûùÛööÎ) law of the increasing misery of the laboring class

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿°æÁ¦ÇÐ (ÖÌÔÑÌèð­ùÊ) labor economics

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿°¡Ä¡·Ð (ÖÌÔÑʤö·Öå) labor value theory

[ÛÝ] ³»ºÎ³ëµ¿½ÃÀå (ҮݻҾÔÑã¼íÞ) internal labor market

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿È­Æó (Ò¾ÔÑü§øÇ) labor note

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿±Ý°í (Ò¾ÔÑÐÝÍ·) labor bank

[ÛÝ] °­Á¦³ëµ¿ (Ë­ð¤ÖÌÔÑ) forced labor

[ÛÝ] Àӱݳ뵿 (ìüÐÝÖÌÔÑ) wage labor

[ÛÝ] ÀÚ¿¬Àû ºÐ¾÷ (í»æÔîÜÝÂåö) natural division of labor

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿ÀÇ Àΰ£È­ (Ò¾ÔѦ¡ìÑÊàûù) humanization of labor

[ÛÝ] ±¹Á¦³ëµ¿±â±¸ (ÏÐð·ÖÌÔÑѦϰ) International Labor Organization

[ÛÝ] ±¹Á¦³ëµ¿±â±¸Á¶¾à (ÏÐð·ÖÌÔÑѦϰðÉå³) International Labor Conventions

[ÛÝ] ±¹Á¦³ëµ¿ÇåÀå (ÏÐð·ÖÌÔÑúÊíñ) International Labor Charter

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿ (ÖÌÔÑ) labor

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿°¡Ä¡¼³ (ÖÌÔÑʤö·àã) labor theory of value

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿°úÇÐ (ÖÌÔÑΡùÊ) science of labor

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿±ÍÁ· (ÖÌÔÑÏþðé) labor aristocrat

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿±â»ç´Ü (ÖÌÔÑÑÈÞÍÓ¥) Noble Order of the Knights of Labor

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿´ë»ó (ÖÌÔÑÓßßÚ) subject of labor

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿·Â (ÖÌÔÑÕô) labor power

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿·Â»óǰ (ÖÌÔÑÕôßÂù¡) labor power commodity

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿»çȸÇÐ (Ò¾ÔÑÞäüåùÊ) sociology of labor

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿À̵¿ (Ò¾ÔÑì¹ÔÑ) labor mobility

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿ÀÚ (Ò¾ÔÑíº) labor

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿Àý (Ò¾ÔÑï½) Labor Day

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿Á¤Ã¥ (Ò¾ÔÑïÙóþ) labor policy

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿Áö´ë (Ò¾ÔÑò¢ÓÛ) labor rent

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿ÇàÁ¤ (Ò¾ÔÑú¼ïÙ) labor administration

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿È¯°æ (Ò¾ÔÑü»ÌÑ) labor environment

[ÛÝ] ³ë¹«°¨»ç (ÖÌÙâÊøÞÛ) labor audit

[ÛÝ] ³ë»çÇùÀÇÁ¦ (Ò¾ÞÅúðì¡ð¤) joint labor-management conference system

[ÛÝ] ¹Ì¼÷·Ã³ëµ¿ÀÚ (Ú±âÙÖ£ÖÌÔÑíº) unskilled labor

[ÛÝ] »ó¾÷³ëµ¿ (ßÂåöÖÌÔÑ) commercial labor

[ÛÝ] °£Á¢³ëµ¿ (ÊàïÈÖÌÔÑ) indirect labor

[ÛÝ] 8½Ã°£³ëµ¿Á¦ (ø¢ãÁÊàÖÌÔÑð¤) eight-hour day labor system

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿°­µµ (ÖÌÔÑË­Óø) intensity of labor

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿¼ö´Ü (Ò¾ÔÑâ¢Ó«) means of labor

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿½Ä¹Î (Ò¾ÔÑãÕÚÅ) labor colonization

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿Áý¾àµµ (Ò¾ÔÑó¢å³Óø) labor intensity

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿ÅõÀÔ°è¼ö (ÖÌÔÑ÷áìýÌõâ¦) labor input coefficient

[ÛÝ] ºÐ¾÷ (ÝÂåö) division of labor

[ÛÝ] ÀΰǺñ (ìÑËìÞ¨) labor cost

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿°ø±Þ°î¼± (ÖÌÔÑÍêÐåÍØàÊ) labor supply curve

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿°úÁ¤ (ÖÌÔÑΦïï) labor process

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿°ü°è (ÖÌÔÑμÌõ) labor relation

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿°ü·á (ÖÌÔÑίÖö) labor bureaucrat

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿´É·ü (ÖÌÔÑÒö×Ë) labor efficiency

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿´Üü (ÖÌÔÑÓ¥ô÷) labor organization

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿·ÂÀÇ À¯µ¿¼º (ÖÌÔÑÕô¦¡×µÔÑàõ) mobility of labor

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿ºÐ¹èÀ² (ÖÌÔÑÝÂÛÕ×Ë) labor share

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿»ý»ê¼º (Ò¾ÔÑßæß§àõ) labor productivity

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿¼ö¿äÀÌ·Ð (Ò¾ÔÑâÍé©×âÖå) labor demand theory

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿½ÃÀå (Ò¾ÔÑã¼íÞ) labor market

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿ÀïÀÇ (Ò¾ÔÑî³ì¡) labor dispute

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿Á¶Á÷ (Ò¾ÔÑðÚòÄ) labor organization

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ (Ò¾ÔÑðÚùê) labor union

[ÛÝ] ´ÜüÇù¾à (Ó¥ô÷úðå³) labor collective agreement

[ÛÝ] ±¹Á¦ºÐ¾÷ (ÏÐð·ÝÂåö) international division of labor

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿Áý¾àÇü »ê¾÷ (Ò¾ÔÑó¢å³úþß§åö) labor intensive industry

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿ÁÖ (Ò¾ÔÑñ») labor stock

[ÛÝ] ³ë¹«°ü¸® (ÖÌÙâη×â) labor management

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿ºñ¿ë (Ò¾ÔÑÞ¨éÄ) labor cost

[ÛÝ] ±Ù·ÎÀÚº¹Áö (ÐÃÖÌíºÜØò³) labor welfare

[ÛÝ] ¹ÎÁֳ뵿´ç (ÚÅñ«Ò¾ÔÑÓÚ) Democratic Labor Party

[ÛÝ] ¿µ±¹³ëµ¿´ç (çÈÏÐÖÌÔÑÓÚ) Labor Party

[ÛÝ] µ¶¸³³ëµ¿´ç (ԼءÖÌÔÑÓÚ) Independent Labor Party

[ÛÝ] ¼­¿ïÁö¹æ³ëµ¿Ã» Seoul Regional Ministry of Labor, Republic of Korea

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿¹ý (ÖÌÔÑÛö) labor law

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿º¸È£¹ý (ÖÌÔÑÜÁûÞÛö) protective labor legislation

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿ÀÔ¹ý (Ò¾ÔÑØ¡Ûö) labor legislation

[ÛÝ] ±¹Á¦³ëµ¿¹ý (ÏÐð·ÖÌÔÑÛö) international labor law

[ÛÝ] ±³µµÀÛ¾÷ (ÎìÓôíÂåö) prison labor

[ÛÝ] ±Ù·Îº¸È£¹ý (ÐÃÖÌÜÁûÞÛö) protective labor legislation

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿°üÇà (ÖÌÔÑαú¼) custom of labor relations

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿±Ç (ÖÌÔÑÏí) right to labor

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿Àü¼ö±Ç (Ò¾ÔÑîïâ¥Ïí) right to the whole produce of labor

[ÛÝ] ±Ù·ÎÀÚ±³À° (ÐÃÖÌíºÎçëÀ) labor education

[ÛÝ] ³ë¹«´ë (ÖÌÙâÓé) labor service unit

[ÛÝ] À¯µµºÐ¸¸ (ë¯ÓôÝÂØ´) induced labor

[ÛÝ] ÀΰøºÐ¸¸ (ìÑÍïÝÂØ´) artificical labor

[ÛÝ] ÁøÅë (òæ÷Ô) labor pains

[ÛÝ] ¹Ì±¹³ëµ¿ÃÑ¿¬¸Í»ê¾÷º°Á¶ÇÕȸÀÇ (Ú¸ÏÐÖÌÔÑõÅÖ¤Øïß§åöܬðÚùêüåì¡) American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organization

[ÛÝ] ¼¼°è³ëµ¿¿¬ÇÕ (á¦Í£ÖÌÔÑÖ¤ùê) World Confederation of Labor

[ÛÝ] ³ëµ¿ÇàÁ¤¿¬¼ö¿ø (Ò¾ÔÑú¼ïÙæÚáóêÂ) Labor Administration Training Institute

[ÛÝ] Çѱ¹³ëµ¿¿¬±¸¿ø (ùÛÏÐÖÌÔÑæÚϼêÂ) Korea Labor Institute

[ÛÝ] ±Ù·Îº¹Áö°ø´Ü (ÐÃÖÌÜØò³ÍëÓ¥) Korea Labor Welfare Corporation

[ÛÝ] ±¹Á¦³ëµ¿±â±¸ÇàÁ¤ÀçÆÇ¼Ò (ÏÐð·ÖÌÔÑѦϰú¼ïÙî®÷÷á¶) International Labor Organization Administrative Tribunal

[ÛÝ] ±¹Á¦È¯°æ³ëµ¿¹®È­¿ø (ÏÐð·ü»ÌÑÖÌÔÑÙþûùêÂ) Institute of Labor & Environment

[ÛÝBr] °¡»ç³ëµ¿ÀÇ »çȸȭ [ Ê«ÞÀÒ¾ÔÑ ¦¡ Þäüåûù, socialization of domestic labor ]

[ÛÝBr] ³ëµ¿ºÎ [ ÖÌÔÑÝ», Ministry of Labor ]

[ÛÝBr] ¹Ì±¹°øÁ¤±Ù·Î±âÁعý [ Ú¸ÏÐÍëïáÐÃÖÌÐññÞÛö, Fair Labor Standards Act ]

[ÛÝBr] ¹Ì±¹³ëµ¿°ü°èÀ§¿øÈ¸ [ Ú¸ÏÐÒ¾ÔÑμÌõêÍê¬üå, National Labor Relations Board, NLRB ]

[ÛÝBr] ¹Ì±¹³ëµ¿´ç [ Ú¸ÏÐÒ¾ÔÑÓÚ, American Labor Party, ALP ]

[ÛÝBr] ¹Ì±¹³ëµ¿µ¿¸Í [ Ú¸ÏÐÒ¾ÔÑÔÒØï, National Labor Union, NLU ]

[ÛÝBr] ³ëµ¿±â»ç´Ü [ Ò¾ÔÑÑÈÞÍÓ¥, Knights of Labor ]

[ÛÝBr] ¿À½ºÆ®·¹Àϸ®¾Æ ³ëµ¿´ç [ ¦¡ Ò¾ÔÑÓÚ, Australian Labor Party, ALP ]

[ÛÝBr] ¿À½ºÆ®·¹Àϸ®¾Æ ¹ÎÁֳ뵿´ç [ ¦¡ ÚÅñ«Ò¾ÔÑÓÚ, Australian Democratic Labor Party, ADLP ]

[ÛÝBr] ´ÜÀ§³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ [ Ó¤êÈÒ¾ÔÑðÚùê, unit labor union ]

[ÛÝBr] ³ëµ¿°¡Ä¡¼³ [ ÖÌÔÑʤö·àã, labor value theory ]

casual labor ÀÚÀ¯³ëµ¿

labor ³ëµ¿,³ë·Â,³ëµ¿ÇÏ´Ù,³ë·ÂÇÏ´Ù

labor-saving ³ë·Â Àý¾àÀÇ

labored ¾Ö¾´ ÈçÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Â

laboring ³ëµ¿¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Â

unskilled labor ºñ¼÷·Ã³ëµ¿ÀÚ

casual labor ÀÚÀ¯³ëµ¿

unskilled labor ºñ¼÷·Ã³ëµ¿ÀÚ

I argue that the degradation of labor, education, and the environment is rooted not in technology itself but in the antidemocratic values that govern technological development.
³ª´Â ³ëµ¿°ú ±³À°, ȯ°æÀÇ ºØ±«°¡ ±â¼ú ±× ÀÚü¿¡ ±âÀÎÇѴٱ⠺¸´Ù´Â ±â¼ú¹ßÀüÀ» Áö¹èÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¹ÎÁÖÀûÀÎ °¡Ä¡µé¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.
Reforms that ignore this fact will fail, including such popular notions as a simplified lifestyle or spiritual renewal.
ÀÌ·± »ç½ÇÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÑ °³ÇõÀº ´Ü¼øÈ­µÈ »ýȰ¹æ½Ä ȤÀº ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ °»½Å°ú °°Àº ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁø °³³äµéó·³ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ°í ¸» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Desirable as these goals may be, no fundamental progress can occur in a society that sacrifices millions of individuals to production.
ÀÌ·± ¸ñÇ¥µéÀÌ ºñ·Ï ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ °³ÀεéÀ» »ý»ê¿¡ Èñ»ý½ÃŰ´Â »çȸ¿¡¼­´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¹ßÀüµµ ÀϾ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

A technological revolution¡ªdesktop computers and satellite transmission directly into the classroom¡ªis engulfing our schools.
°úÇбâ¼úÇõ¸í-ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿Í Çб³ ±³½Ç±îÁö Á÷Á¢ ¿¬°áµÇ´Â ÀΰøÀ§¼º Àü¼Û ±â¼ú-ÀÌ Çб³±îÁö ÈÖ¸ô¾ÆÄ¡°í ÀÖ´Ù.
It will transform the way we learn and the way we teach within a few decades.
ÀÌ´Â ¼ö½Ê ³â ¾È¿¡ ¹è¿ì°í °¡¸£Ä¡´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» º¯È­½Ãų °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
It will change the economics of education.
¶ÇÇÑ ±³À°ÀÇ °æÁ¦Çеµ º¯È­½Ãų °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
From being almost totally labor-intensive, schools will become highly capital¡ªintensive.
Çб³´Â °ÅÀÇ ³ëµ¿Áý¾àÀûÀÎ »óÅ¿¡¼­ °íµµ·Î ÀÚº»Áý¾àÀÎ »óÅ·Π¹Ù²ð °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

[ Rights Group Finds New Problems ]
[ À뱂 ´Üü »õ·Î¿î ¹®Á¦µé ¹ß°ß ]
Globalization has brought opportunity, wealth and millions of jobs.
¼¼°èÈ­´Â ±âȸ¿Í ºÎ ±×¸®°í ¼ö¹é¸¸ °³ÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ °¡Á®´ÙÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
But the opening of borders and markets has also created new human rights problems, according to a report released Thursday.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸ñ¿äÀÏ¿¡ º¸µµµÈ º¸°í¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ±¹°æ°ú ½ÃÀåÀÇ °³¹æÀº »õ·Î¿î À뱂 ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¶ÇÇÑ ¾ß±âÇØ¿Ô´Ù.
Beyond longtime concerns such as child labor and wages, the melding of markets worldwide raises new questions, according to Human Rights Watch's 11th annual report on the condition of human rights worldwide.
Àü ¼¼°èÀÇ À뱂 ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Â Àαǰ¨½Ã´Ü(Human Rights Watch)ÀÇ 11¹øÂ° Á¤±â º¸°í¼­¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ¿À·¡ ÀüºÎÅÍ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇ¾î¿Â ¾Æµ¿ ³ëµ¿°ú ÀÓ±Ý ¹®Á¦ ¿Ü¿¡µµ Àü ¼¼°è ½ÃÀåÀÌ Çϳª°¡ µÊÀ¸·Î½á »õ·Î¿î ¹®Á¦µéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.

What are a corporation's responsibilities in a foreign country when the government is going to protect its facilities with abusive security forces?
ÇÑ ¿Ü±¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ °úµµÇÑ º¸¾È·ÂÀ¸·Î ÀÚ±¹ ½Ã¼³¹°À» º¸È£ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÒ ¶§ ±â¾÷Àº ±× ±¹°¡¿¡¼­ ¾î¶² Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Á®¾ß Çϴ°¡?
What are the obligations of a company when it enters a joint venture with a government that will use the revenue to fight an abusive war?
ÇÑ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±× ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¼öÀÔÀ» ÀαÇÀ» À¯¸°ÇÏ´Â ÀüÀïÀ» Ä¡¸£´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ ±× Á¤ºÎ¿Í °øµ¿ ÅõÀÚ »ç¾÷À» ¹úÀ̴ ȸ»ç´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡?
In the report, the New York-based group calls for the creation of an international institution with the resources and the power to enforce global labor standards.
º¸°í¼­¿¡¼­ ÀÌ À뱂 °¨½Ã´ÜÀº Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀÎ ±Ù·Î ±âÁØÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÒ ÀÚ¿ø°ú ÈûÀ» Áö´Ñ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ ½Å¼³À» ¿ä±¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
It argues that the United Nations is underfunded and mistrusted particularly by the United States¡ªand that the World Trade Organization doesn't have the mandate to enforce the rules.
À¯¿£Àº ÀÚ±ÝÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ¸ç Æ¯È÷ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ºÒ½ÅÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ¼¼°è ¹«¿ª ±â±¸(WTO)´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ¿øÄ¢µéÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÒ ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°í º¸°í¼­´Â ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.
"The current system to regulate global commerce leaves little or no room for human rights and other social values," the report says, arguing that the new interconnected world "is generating human rights problems of global dimension."
º¸°í¼­´Â ¡°¼¼°è ¹«¿ªÀ» Á¿ìÇÏ´Â ÇöÇà Á¦µµ´Â Àαǰú ´Ù¸¥ »çȸÀû °¡Ä¡°üÀ» °ÅÀÇ °í·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¡±°í ¹àÈ÷¸é¼­ »óÈ£ ¿¬°üµÈ »õ·Î¿î ¼¼°è´Â ¡°¼¼°èÀûÀÎ Â÷¿øÀÇ À뱂 ¹®Á¦µéÀ» À¯¹ßÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù¡±°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.

The men who first tamed the horse employed it to make war and enslave the defeated.
¸»À» óÀ½ ±æµéÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀº, ÀüÀïÀ» ÇØ¼­ ÆÐ¹èÀÚµéÀ» ³ë¿¹·Î »ï±â À§ÇØ ¸»À» ÀÌ¿ëÇß¾ú´Ù.
When men discovered how to make cotton goods by machinery, child labor in England was developed to a point of shocking cruelty, and ruthless imperialism was imposed on black men in Africa.
Àΰ£µéÀÌ ±â°è·Î ¸éÈ­Á¦Ç° ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹ß°ßÇØ³»ÀÚ, ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­´Â ¾î¸°ÀÌÀÇ ³ëµ¿·ÂÀÌ Ãæ°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÜÀÎÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î±îÁö ÀÌ¿ëµÇ¾ú¾ú°í, ¹«ÀÚºñÇÑ Á¦±¹ÁÖÀǰ¡ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ÈæÀε鿡°Ô °¡ÇØÁ³´Ù.
In our own day a combination of scientific genius and technical skill has produced the atomic bomb,
¿À´Ã³¯¿¡ À̸£·¯¼­´Â °úÇÐÀÇ ÃµÀ缺°ú °ø¾÷Àû ±â¼úÀÌ °áÇÕÇÏ¿© ¿øÀÚźÀ» Á¦Á¶Çس»°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
but having produced it we are all terrified, and do not know what to do with it.
±×·¯³ª, ¸¸µé¾î ³õ±â´Â ÇßÁö¸¸ ¿ì¸® ¸ðµÎ´Â °ÌÀ» Áý¾î¸Ô°í¼­ ±×°É ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¾ß ÇÒÁö ¸ð¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù.
These instances, from widely different periods of history, show that increase of skill has not, of itself, insured any increase of human happiness or well-being.
¿ª»ç»ó ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã±âµé·ÎºÎÅÍ »ý±ä ÀÌ»óÀÇ »ç·ÊµéÀº ±â¼úÀÌ ¹ßÀüÇÑ´Ù°í ÇØ¼­ Àΰ£ÀÇ Çູ°ú ¹ø¿µÀÇ ÁõÁøÀÌ ÀúÀý·Î º¸ÀåµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾úÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

"Korea's economics education, which still tells children to stick to domestically-made goods over more expensive imports, has a lot of problems.
They simply demand that children be thrifty.
In advanced countries, they look for the best methods to teach children about the scarcity of resources, opportunity costs, the division of labor, international trade or entrepreneurship," said Mr. Chun, who leads the economics education team at the Korea Development Institute.
¡°Çѱ¹ÀÇ °æÁ¦±³À°Àº ´õ °ªºñ½Ñ ¼öÀÔǰº¸´Ù´Â ±¹»êǰÀ» °í¼öÇÒ °ÍÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¸¹Àº ¹®Á¦¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Çѱ¹»ç¶÷µéÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô °Ë¼ÒÇÒ °Í¸¸ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù.
¼±Áø±¹¿¡¼­´Â, ¾ÆÀ̵鿡°Ô ÀÚ¿øÀÇ ºÎÁ·, ±âȸºñ¿ë, ³ëµ¿·ÂÀÇ ºÐ¹è, ±¹Á¦ ¹«¿ªÀ̳ª ±â¾÷°¡¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀ» ãÀ¸·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÑ´Ù.¡±°í °æÁ¦±³À°ÆÀÀ» À̲ø°í ÀÖ´Â Àü¼±»ý´ÔÀÌ ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

In the early nineteenth century, state governments also engaged in a
surprisingly large amount of direct regulatory activity, including
extensive licensing and inspection programs. Licensing targets reflected
both similarities in and differences between the economy of the
nineteenth century and that of today : in the nineteenth century, state
regulation through licensing fell especially on peddlers, innkeepers,
and retail merchants of various kinds. The perishable commodities of
trade generally came under state inspection, and such important frontier
staples as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control.
Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business
regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer,
including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on
price-fixing by businesses.
19¼¼±âÃÊ¿¡ ÁÖÁ¤ºÎµéÀº, ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ Çã°¡¿Í °Ë»ç ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ³î¶ó¿ï
Á¤µµ·Î ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ Á÷Á¢ ÅëÁ¦È°µ¿¿¡ Âü°¡Çß´Ù. Çã°¡´ë»óµéÀÌ 19¼¼±â °æÁ¦¿Í
¿À´Ã³¯ °æÁ¦ÀÇ À¯»ç¼º°ú Â÷ÀÌÁ¡À» ¹Ý¿µÇØÁÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, Áï, 19¼¼±â¿¡ Çã°¡¸¦ ÅëÇÑ
ÁÖÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ÅëÁ¦´Â ƯÈ÷ Çà»ó°ú ¿©°ü¾÷°ú ¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¼Ò¸Å»ó µî¿¡ ÁÖ·Î
ÇØ´çµÇ¾ú´Ù. »óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±³¿ªµÇ´Â »óǰµéÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÁÖÁ¤ºÎÀÇ °Ë»ç¸¦
¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¸ñÀç¿Í È­¾à °°Àº °³Ã´ÁöÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Çʼöǰµé ¿ª½Ã ÁÖÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ÅëÁ¦¸¦
¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ÁÖÁ¤ºÎ´Â, °³ÀÎ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ¿Í ¼ÒºñÀÚ¸¦ µ½±â À§ÇØ °í¾ÈµÈ,
³ëµ¿°ú »ç¾÷ÀÇ Á÷Á¢ ±ÔÁ¦¸¦ ½ÇÇèÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥, ³ëµ¿½Ã°£¿¡ °üÇØ ÃÖ´ëÇѰ踦
¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú, ¾÷üµé¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °¡°ÝÁ¶ÀÛ¿¡ °üÇØ ±ÔÁ¦¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °Í µîÀ»
Æ÷ÇÔÇß´Ù.

In the mid-nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural
resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry.
Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of
machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be
worked into wealth. Iron, coal, and oil ¡ª the basic ingredients of
industrial growth ¡ª were plentiful and needed only the application of
technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor.
19¼¼±â Áß¿±¿¡ ¹Ì±¹Àº Áß°ø¾÷À» ¹ßÀü½Ã۱â À§ÇØ °³¹ßµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾öû³­
õ¿¬ÀÚ¿øÀ» °¡Á³´Ù. ±â°è·ù, ±³Åë½Ã¼³, ¼ÒºñÀçÀÇ Á¦Á¶¿¡ À־ ±ÍÁßÇÑ
¿øÀÚÀçÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ, ÀÛ¾÷À» °¡ÇÏ¿© ºÎ¸¦ âÁ¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÁغñµÈ »óÅ·Î
³õ¿©ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ö, ¼®Åº, ¼®À¯ ¡ª »ê¾÷ ¼ºÀåÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼Òµé ¡ª °¡
dzºÎÇß¾ú°í ´ÜÁö, ±â¼úÀûÀÎ Àü¹®¼º, Á¶Á÷È­µÈ ±â¼ú, ±×¸®°í ³ëµ¿ÀÇ Àû¿ë¸¸À»
ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

The labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in
part from American farm areas where people were being displaced by farm
machinery, in part from Asia, and in part from Europe. Europe now began
to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe ¡ª most of
whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial
cities. The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American
economy still came from European financiers for the most part, but the


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