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i have been

´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼­ Ã£±â  ³×À̹ö»çÀü ´ÙÀ½»çÀü Cambridge M-W M-W Thesaurus OneLook Wordnet Google


It's been good talking with you, but I'm afraid I can't stay any longer.
³Ê¿Í ¾ê±âÇÏ°Ô µÅ¼­ ÁÁ¾Ò¾î. ±×·±µ¥ À¯°¨½º·´Áö¸¸ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¿©±âÀÖÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾î.
You mean you are leaving now? But it's only eight o'clock.
Áö±Ý ¶°³ª¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ´Ï? ¿©´ü½Ã¹Û¿¡ ¾ÈµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥.
I wish I could stay longer but I don't think I have time.
´õ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ÀÖ°í ½ÍÁö¸¸ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼­ ¸»À̾ß.

Waitress : Have you been served?
Á¾¾÷¿ø : ÁÖ¹®Çϼ̽À´Ï±î?
Kim : No.
±è : ¾Æ´Ï¿À.
Waitress : Then, may I take your order, sir?
Á¾¾÷¿ø : ±×·³, ÁÖ¹®ÇϽðڽÀ´Ï±î?
Kim : Let me see the menu first.
±è : ¸ÕÀú ¸Þ´º ÆÇÀ» º¼°Ô¿ä.
Waitress : Here you are, sir.
Á¾¾÷¿ø : ¿©±â ÀÖ¾î¿ä.
Kim : Okay.
±è : ¿¹.
Kim : Well... what do you recommend?
±è : Àú... ¹«¾ùÀ» ÃßÃµÇØ Áֽðھî¿ä.?
Waitress : Today's special is steak, sir.
Á¾¾÷¿ø : ¿À´Ã Ưº° ¿ä¸®´Â ½ºÅ×ÀÌÅ©ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Kim : I'd like to have a steak, please.
±è : ½ºÅ×ÀÌÅ©¸¦ ¸Ô±â·Î ÇÏÁÒ.

see off; (=accompany until one goes away) Àü¼ÛÇÏ´Ù
I have been to Kimpo to see him off.

ºÒÇà Áß ´ÙÇàÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
It could have been worse.

Àú´Â ¿äÁò ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ¾î¿ä.
I have been under a lot of stress lately.

It would have been nice.
ÁÁ´Ù ¸»¾Ò¾î¿ä.

ÁÁ´Ù°¡ ¸»¾Ò¾î¿ä.
It would have been nice.

¾×¶«Çß´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϼ¼¿ä.
Consider yourself lucky, it could have been worse.

ÁÁ´Ù ¸»¾Ò¾î¿ä.
It would have been nice.

³×°¡ »ç¹«½Ç ÁÖº¯À» ¹èȸÇÏ´Ù°¡ ¼­·ùµéÀ» º¹»çÇØ°£ °Í °°Àºµ¥.
It appears that you have been sneaking around the office and photocopying documents.

Àú´Â ¿äÁò ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ¾î¿ä.
I have been under a lot of stress lately.

¾îÁ¦ºÎÅÍ ±äÀåÇØ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
I have been very nervous since yesterday.

³ª´Â 5³â ÀÌ»ó ¿µ¾î¸¦ °øºÎÇØ¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù.
I have been studying English for more than 5 years.

¾ÆÁÖ ¿À·£¸¸À̾ú´Ù.
It's been a long time.
It's been ages since we've met.
I haven't seem him for ages.
We haven't seen each other for a long time.

³ª´Â ¿äÁîÀ½ °Ç°­ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ °Í °°´Ù.
I think I haven't been feeling well recently.

³ª´Â 2³âµ¿ ¾È ¹ÙÀ̿ø° ·¹½¼À» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
I have been taking violin lessons for two years.

³ª´Â ±× °÷À» ¿©·¯ ¹ø °¡ º¸¾Ò´Ù.
I have been there several times.

´õ Á¶½ÉÇß¾ú¾î¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù.
I should have been more careful.

°Å±â¿¡ °¡Áö ¸»¾Ò¾î¾ß Çß´Ù.
I should not have been there.

³»°¡ Á¤½ÅÀÌ ³ª°¬¾ú³ª º¸´Ù.
I must have been out of my mind.

Áö±Ý º´¿øÀ¸·Î A¼±»ýÀ» À§¹®ÇÏ·¯ °¬´Ù ¿À´Â ±æÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
I have just been to the hospital to inquire after Mr. A.

³ª´Â ±è±ºÀ» ¹è¿õÇÏ·¯ ¿ª¿¡ °¬´Ù ¿À´Â ±æÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
I have just been to the station to see Mr. Kim off.

´ç½ÅÀº ¸ñÆ÷¿¡ °£ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? ¾Æ´Ï¿À, ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
Have you ever been in Mokpo? No, I have never been there.

Àú´Â ¸Å¿ì Æ°Æ°ÇØ¼­ ž¼­ºÎÅÍ Áö±Ý±îÁö º´À¸·Î ´©¿î ÀÏÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
I am very healthy, and have never been laid up in my life.

¼­¿ï¿¡ ¿À½Å Áö ¸î ³â µË´Ï±î? ±Û½ê¿ä, 3³â ¹ÝÂë µË´Ï´Ù.
How many years have you been is Seoul? Well, let me see; about three years and a half.

Áö±Ý °ÇÃàÇϰí ÀÖ´Â »õ ±³»ç´Â À̹ø ¿©¸§±îÁö´Â ³«¼ºµÅ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
The new schoolhouse which is now under construction, will have been completed by the end of this summer.

±×³à´Â ÀÌ´Þ ¸»±îÁö¸é ¹Ý ³â ÀÔ¿øÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¼ÀÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
She will have been in hospital for half a year by the end of this month.

³ª´Â ±Ù·¡ 6³â µ¿¾È ¿ìÇ¥¸¦ ¸ðÀ¸°í ÀÖ´Ù.
I have been collecting stamps these six years.

³»ÀÏ·Î ²À ÀÏÁÖÀÏ µ¿¾È ³»¸® ºñ°¡ ½ñ¾ÆÁø ¼ÀÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
It will have been raining a whole week by tomorrow.

3¿ù·Î ÇǾƳ븦 ²À 3³â ¹è¿ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ÀÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
I shall have been taking piano lessons for full three years by March.

Á» ½¬´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¼¸ ½Ã°¡ µÇ¸é ¼¼ ½Ã°£ ³»¸® Ã¥À» ÀÐÀº ¼ÀÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù.
You had better take a short rest, I think. By five o'clock you will have been reading for three hours on end.

±×´Â Àü¿¡´Â ºÎÀÚ¿´´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
He is said to have been rich.

±× ¼Ò¸®¸¦ µè°í ±×³à´Â ±â»µÇßÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
She must have been delighted to hear it.

¾à¼ÓÀ» ¾î°Ü ¹Ì¾ÈÇÕ´Ï´Ù. º´ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾úÀ¸¸é °¬¾úÀ» ÅÙµ¥.
I am sorry I have broken my word, If I had not been ill, I should have gone.

Ŭ·¹¿ÀÆÄÆ®¶óÀÇ ÄÚ°¡ Á» ³·¾Ò´õ¶ó¸é ¼¼°è ¿ª»ç´Â ´Þ¶óÁ³À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
If Cleopatra's nose had been a little lower, the history of the world might have been different.

Â÷¸¦ ±×·¸°Ô ¹«¸ðÇÏ°Ô ¸ôÁö ¾È¾ÒÀ¸¸é ÀüÁÖ¿¡ ºÎµúÄ¡´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
If the car had not been driven so recklessly on, it would not have dashed against the electric pole.

±×¿Í °°Àº ¿µ¸®ÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̰¡ ¾ø¾úÀ¸¸é ±×³à´Â ´õ¿í ºñÂüÇßÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù.
If it had not been for such a clever child, she might have been more miserable.

ÆíÁö¸¦ µî±â·Î ºÎÄ¡·Á°í ¿ìü±¹¿¡ °¬´Ù ¿Ô´Ù.
I have just been to the post-office to have my letter registered.

If the nose of Cleopatra had been shorter,
the whole face of the earth would have been changed.
¸¸¾à Ŭ·¹¿ÀÆÄÆ®¶óÀÇ ÄÚ°¡ Á¶±Ý¸¸ ³·¾Ò´õ¶ó¸é
¼¼°èÀÇ ¿ª»ç´Â ´Þ¶óÁ³À¸¸®¶ó.
-Blaise Pascal:Pensees

be concerned in(or with) (£½become occupied with) : ¡­°ú °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù
He is said to have been concerned with the crime.
(±×´Â ±× ¹üÁË¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°íµé ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.)

see off (£½accompany until one goes away) : Àü¼ÛÇÏ´Ù
I have been to the station to see her off.
(³ª´Â ±×³à¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿ª¿¡ °¬´Ù ¿Ô´Ù.)

We hope that the samples listed in our telegram of April 1
have already been dispatched. We are in urgent need of them.
4¿ù1ÀÏÀÚÀÇ Æó»çÀüº¸¿¡ ¼ö·ÏµÈ °ßº»Àº ÀÌ¹Ì ¹ß¼ÛµÇ¾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢
µÇ´Â ¹Ù, Æó»ç´Â µ¿ ¹°Ç°À» ±ä±ÞÇÏ°Ô ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Having received no instructions from you regarding the June
shipment for your order, we have now been compelled to
cancel the boat.
±Í»çÀÇ ÁÖ¹®Ç°Áß 6¿ù ¼±ÀûºÐ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±ÀûÁö½Ã¼­°¡ ¾ÆÁ÷
µµÂøÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ¿¹¾àÇÑ ¹è¸¦ Ãë¼ÒÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

Since we have been enganged in the Stationery business for
the past 20 years, we are quite familiar with the places
where we can find an outlet for the goods you export.
Áö³­ 20³â°£ ¹®¹æ±¸ÀÇ ÆÇ¸Å¿¡ Á¾»çÇØ¿ÔÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±Í»ç¼öÃâǰÀÇ ÆÇ·Î
¸¦ À߾˰í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

As usual, the goods have been insured on W.A. terms.
¹°Ç°Àº Á¾Àü´ë·Î ´Üµ¶Çؼմ㺸ÀÇ º¸Çè¿¡ µé¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

We have drawn on you for payment of the invoice amount
US $ OOOO and documents have been delivered to A Bank of
this city as instructed.
º» ¼ÛÀå±Ý¾× ¹ÌÈ­ ooo´Þ·¯¸¦ °áÁ¦Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¾îÀ½À» ±Í»ç
¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇàÇÏ°í ¼­·ù´Â Áö½ÃÇϽŠ´ë·Î À̰÷ AÀºÇà¿¡ ¸Ã°ÜµÎ¾ú
½À´Ï´Ù.

We fear we have to ask you to have this credit extended to
June 15 because there have been labour disputes at the
manufacturer`s work, which have caused some delay in the
manufacture of your requirements.
´ç»ç´Â 6¿ù 15ÀϱîÁö ½Å¿ëÀÚÀÇ À¯È¿±âÇÑÀ» ¿¬ÀåÇÏ¿© Áֽñâ
¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚÃø¿¡ ³ëµ¿ÀïÀǰ¡ ÀÖ¾î ÁÖ¹®ÀÇ
»ý»êÀÌ Áö¿¬µÇ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

We wish to refer you to the City Bank with whom we have been
in account since 1980.
1980³âÀÌ·¡ °Å·¡°ü°è¸¦ °¡Á®¿Â ½ÃƼÀºÇà¿¡ Á¶È¸ÇϽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.

Owing to the increased demand for the these models, our
stocks have almost been exhausted.
ÀÌ ¸ðµ¨¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ä°¡ Áõ°¡Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ´ç»çÀÇ Àç°í´Â °ÅÀÇ
¼ÒÁøµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

In addition,the following old manuals can no longer be
probvided gratis because they have been superseded by new
editions.
´õ±¸³ª ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ±¸¸Å´º¾óµéÀº ½ÅÆÇÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ï °ü°è·Î ¹«·á·Î Á¦°ø
ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

±×³à¿Í Àú´Â ¿À·¡ÀüºÎÅÍ ¶¿·¹¾ß ¶¿¼ö¾ø´Â »çÀÌ ¿´¾î¿ä.
She and I have been two peas in a pod for a long time.

¾×¶«Çß´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϼ¼¿ä.
Consider yourself lucky, it could have been worse...

ÁÁ´Ù°¡ ¸»¾Ò¾î¿ä.
It would have been nice.

Àü 30³âµ¿¾È ÀÌÀÏÀ» ÇØ¿Í¼­ ¼Õ´Ô¸¸ º¸¸é ô ¾Ð´Ï´Ù.
I have been doing this for 30 years. When I see a customer, I can tell right away.

I wish I could have been there longer.
°Å±â¿¡ Á»´õ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸é ÁÁ¾ÒÀ»°É.

How long have you been in Korea?
Çѱ¹¿¡ ¿À½Å Áö ¾ó¸¶³ª µÇ½Ê´Ï±î?

If you're late again, you'll be dismissed. ¶Ç ´Ù½Ã Áö°¢Çϸé ÀÚ³Ù ÇØ°í¾ß. ; workers who have been unfairly dismissed ºÎ´çÇÏ°Ô ÇØ°í´çÇÑ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµé

Several villages have been isolated by the flood. È«¼ö ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸î¸î ¸¶À»ÀÌ °í¸³µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

[¼¼°ü] ¼öÇϹ°À» ãÀ» ¶§
-
Where can I find the baggage claim area?
Do you have your baggage claim tag?
I have been waiting for my suitcases for 30 minutes.

[ï³ü¥] ÇÏ·çÁ¾ÀÏ ÀüÈ­¸¦ µå·È¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
I have been trying to call you all day long.

* ¿À·£¸¸¿¡ ¸¸³µÀ» ¶§
How have you been?
¾î¶»°Ô Áö³»¼Ì¾î¿ä?
How have things been?
¾î¶»°Ô Áö³»¼Ì¾î¿ä?
How have you been doing?
¾î¶»°Ô Áö³»¼Ì¾î¿ä?
I haven't seen you for a long time.
¿À·§µ¿¾È ºËÁö ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
I haven't seen you in years.
¿À·§µ¿¾È ºËÁö ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
I haven't seen you for ages.
¿À·§µ¿¾È ºËÁö ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
(*) for ages (for an age): ¿À·¡µµ·Ï
Hi, long time no see.
¾È³ç! ¿À·£¸¸À̾ß.
It's been a long time, hasn't it?
¸ø º» Áö°¡ ¿À·¡ µÇ¾úÁö¿ä?
It's been months, hasn't it?
¸î ´Þ µ¿¾È ¸ø ºÆ¾úÁö¿ä?
It's been quite a while, hasn't it?
Á¤¸» ¿À·£¸¸ÀÌÁö¿ä?
I'm glad to see you again.
´Ù½Ã ¸¸³ª´Ï ¹Ý°©½À´Ï´Ù.
Glad to see you.
´ç½ÅÀ» ¸¸³ª°Ô µÇ¾î ±â»µ¿ä.
It's nice (or good) to see you again.
´Ù½Ã ¸¸³ª´Ï ÁÁ¾Æ¿ä.

How long have you been in Korea?
Çѱ¹¿¡ ¾ó¸¶ µ¿¾È ü·ùÇϼ̽À´Ï±î?
How long are you going to stay in Korea?
Çѱ¹¿¡ ¾ó¸¶ µ¿¾È ü·ùÇÒ ¿¹Á¤ÀԴϱî?
I want to extend my stay for five days.
´å»õ ´õ ü·ù¸¦ ¿¬ÀåÇÏ°í ½Í½À´Ï´Ù.

* À̾߱⸦ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù
Let's talk about sports.
½ºÆ÷Ã÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ê±âÇսôÙ.
Let's think of something nice to talk about.
¹«¾ð°¡ Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» »ý°¢ÇØ º¾½Ã´Ù.
Let me tell you something.
´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº °Ô Àִµ¥¿ä.
Could I have a word with you?
À̾߱Ⱑ Á» Àִµ¥¿ä?
Guess what?
¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¾Æ¼¼¿ä?
I've been meaning to ask you.
ÀüºÎÅÍ ¹°¾î º¸·Á°í Çß¾î¿ä.
(*) mean: --ÇÒ °èȹÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹Á¤ÇÏ´Ù, --À» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Ù
This is between you and me.
À̰ÍÀº ´ç½Å°ú ³ª¸¸ÀÇ À̾߱âÀä.

* ³ë·¡¹æ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©
Do you like singing songs?
³ë·¡ ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇϼ¼¿ä?
Have you ever been to a Noraebang?
´ç½ÅÀº ³ë·¡¹æ¿¡ °¡ º» ÀûÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸½Ê´Ï±î?
It`s a bar equipped with the facilities of a Noraebang.
ÀÌ ¹Ù´Â ³ë·¡¹æ ½Ã¼³ÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Have you ever sung in Noraebang?
³ë·¡¹æ¿¡¼­ ³ë·¡¸¦ ºÒ·¯ º» ÀûÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¼¼¿ä?
In fact, it has a music player which produces an effect so that people can feel as if they are singing a song to the accompaniment.
»ç½ÇÀº, ³ë·¡¹æÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹ÝÁÖ¿¡ ¸ÂÃç ³ë·¡ºÎ¸£´Â °Íó·³ ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ¿¬ÃâÇÏ´Â À½¾Ç ÀåÄ¡¸¦ °®Ãß°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Korean people like very much singing in Noraebang.
Çѱ¹ÀεéÀº ³ë·¡¹æ¿¡¼­ ³ë·¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
They can relax by singing at Noraebang.
±×µéÀº ³ë·¡¹æ¿¡¼­ ³ë·¡¸¦ ºÎ¸§À¸·Î½á ÇǷθ¦ DZ´Ï´Ù.

* ¼­¿ï¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©
Inho: Is there place where you want to visit here in Korea?
Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ °¡º¸°í ½ÍÀº °÷ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?
Jean: I feel visiting some places where I can taste the good, old traditional Korea.
ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¿¾ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÀüÅëÀ» ¸Àº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸î °÷À» ¹æ¹®ÇÏ°í ½Í±º¿ä.
Are there any places like that?
±×·¯ÇÑ °÷ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?
Inho: Have you ever been to Minsok-chon and Kyongju?
¹Î¼ÓÃ̰ú °æÁÖ¸¦ °¡º¸¼Ì½À´Ï±î?
Jean: Yes, I have. This time I want to see the old palace in the downtown of Seoul.
³×, À̹ø¿¡ ¼­¿ï ½Ã³»¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿¾ ±Ã±ÈÀ» º¸°í ½Í±º¿ä.
Inho: Certainly in "Biwon", you may find some of the good old Korea.
"ºñ¿ø"¿¡¼­ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¿¾ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

* ¹æ¹®°´ÀÇ Á¢¼ö
Good morning (afternoon), sir.
¾È³çÇϽʴϱî, ¼±»ý´Ô.
May I help you?
¹«¾ùÀ» µµ¿Í µå¸±±î¿ä?
What can I do for you?
¹«¾ùÀ» µµ¿Í µå¸±±î¿ä?
May I have (or ask) your name, please?
À̸§À» ¾Ë·ÁÁֽðڽÀ´Ï±î?
Do you have an appointment with him?
±×¿Í ¾à¼ÓÀ» Çϼ̽À´Ï±î?
Will you wait a moment, please?
Àá±ñ¸¸ ±â´Ù·Á Áֽðھî¿ä?
Will you have a seat, please?
¾ÉÀ¸½Ã°Ú¾î¿ä?
Please take a seat.
¾ÉÀ¸½Ê½Ã¿À.
Thank you for waiting. He'll be coming soon.
±â´Ù·Á Áּż­ °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×ºÐÀº °ð ³ª¿À½Ç °Ì´Ï´Ù.
Thank you for waiting. He'll be here in a minute.
±â´Ù·Á Áּż­ °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×ºÐÀº °ð À̸® ¿À½Ç °Ì´Ï´Ù.
Yes, Mr. Baker. I've been informed of your visit.
³×, ¹Ì½ºÅÍ º£ÀÌÄ¿. ¹æ¹®ÇÏ½Ç °Å¶ó´Â ¿¬¶ôÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.
I'll show you to his office.
±×ºÐÀÇ »ç¹«½Ç·Î ¾È³»ÇØ µå¸®°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.
This way, please.
ÀÌÂÊÀ¸·Î ¿À½Ê½Ã¿À.
Come this way, please.
ÀÌÂÊÀ¸·Î ¿À½Ê½Ã¿À.

* ȸ»çÀÇ °³¿ä¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Ù.
Our company was established in 1961.
ÀúÈñ ȸ»ç´Â 1961³â¿¡ ¼³¸³µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
We've been in business for over 20 years.
ÀúÈñ´Â 20³âÀÌ ³Ñ°Ô »ç¾÷À» ÇØ ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù.
We're mainly producing consumer electronics.
ÀúÈñ´Â ÁÖ·Î °¡Àü Á¦Ç°À» »ý»êÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
We have fifteen plants throughout Korea.
Çѱ¹ Àü¿ª¿¡ 15°³ÀÇ °øÀåÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
We also have seven factories abroad
¶ÇÇÑ ÇØ¿Ü¿¡ 7°³ÀÇ °øÀåÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Net sales for the fourth quarter were seven billion won.
¿Ã 4¹Ý±â ¼ø ¸Å»ó°í´Â 70¾ï ¿øÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Last year the grow rate of sales marked eight percent
ÀÛ³âÀÇ ¸Å»ó ½ÅÀå·üÀº 8p¸¦ ±â·ÏÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
In particular, overseas sales increased by about five percent.
ƯÈ÷, ÇØ¿Ü ÆÇ¸Å´Â 5p Á¤µµ Áõ°¡Çß½À´Ï´Ù.

* ÁöºÒ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Ù.
In principle, I'm thinking about an evenly split payment of the total price over fifteen years in dollars.
´ëü·Î, 15³â°£ ÃѾ׼ö¸¦ ´Þ·¯·Î ±ÕµîÇÏ°Ô ºÐÇÒ ÁöºÒÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» »ý°¢ÇØ º¾´Ï´Ù.
A problem in purchasing foreign products is the exchange rate of the won.
¿Ü±¹ Á¦Ç°À» ±¸ÀÔÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ À־ÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº ¿øÈ­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿Ü±¹È¯ ºñÀ²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
The won has been falling since last year.
ÀÛ³âºÎÅÍ ¿øÈ­°¡ Ç϶ôÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
In consideration of the fluctuation exchange rate, we're trying to switch the means of payment from local currencies to dollars.
º¯µ¿Çϴ ȯÀ²À» »ý°¢ÇÒ ¶§, ÁöºÒ ¼ö´ÜÀº ÇöÁö ÅëÈ­¿¡¼­ ´Þ·¯·Î ÀüȯÇÏ·Á°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Since purchase is based on the won, we have to pay more than before.
±¸ÀÔÀº ¿øÈ­¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ÇϹǷÎ, ÀÌÀüº¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº ºñ¿ëÀÌ ÁöÃâµÅ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
We pay them by six years' installments.
6³â ÇҺηΠ±× °ªÀ» ÁöºÒÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

* ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.
I'm not in a position to make a decision as to whether your suggestion is acceptable or not.
Àú´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ Á¦¾È¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¶ô ¿©ºÎ¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
I don't have the power to handle the matter.
Á¦°Ô´Â ±× ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÃÖÁ¾ °áÁ¤À» ³»¸± ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
I've not been given the power to make a final decision on the price issue.
°¡°Ý ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ °áÁ¤À» ÇÒ ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Õ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
I'm afraid I can't make this decision.
Á˼ÛÇÏÁö¸¸ Àü °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
The matter at issue far exceeds my authorized power.
³íÀÇ ÁßÀÎ ¹®Á¦´Â Á¦ ±ÇÇѹۿ¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

* °ËÅä¿¡ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É¸®´Ù.
I need a few more days to confirm the opinion of our management.
°æ¿µÁøÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ È®ÀÎÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸·Á¸é ¸çÄ¥ÀÌ °É¸³´Ï´Ù.
I need some more time to think about the price.
°¡°ÝÀ» °ËÅäÇÏ·Á¸é Á»´õ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
I have to make a few checks with the manufacturer before finally deciding on the shipping schedule.
¼±Àû ÀÏÁ¤À» ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î °áÁ¤Çϱâ Àü¿¡ Á¦Á¶¾÷ÀÚµé°ú ¸î °¡Áö ¹®Á¦¸¦ È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
It will take another week or so before the management reaches a conclusion.
°æ¿µÁøÀÌ °á·ÐÀ» ³»¸®´Â µ¥´Â ´Ù½Ã ÀÏÁÖÀÏ Á¤µµ°¡ °É¸³´Ï´Ù.
Decision on the matter has been suspended by our manager.
±× ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °áÁ¤Àº ÀúÈñ ºÎÀå´ÔÀÌ º¸·ùÇÏ¿© ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù.

* »ó´ãÀÇ ¼º¸³.
I'm very glad that our talks turned out to be successful.
À̹ø Çù»óÀÌ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ³¡³ª°Ô µÇ¾î ±â»Þ´Ï´Ù.
So, we have agreed to carry out the business along the lines we have so far discussed.
±×·¡¼­, Áö±Ý±îÁö Çù»óÇØ ¿Â ¹æÄ§¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ »ç¾÷À» ÃßÁøÇϱâ·Î ÇÕÀÇÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
(*) carry out --along the lines: ¹æÄ§¿¡ µû¶ó --À» ÃßÁøÇÏ´Ù, ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Ù
Our talks have resulted in our starting a new business and our friendly ties have been confirmed.
À̹ø »ó´ãÀ¸·Î, ¿ì¸®´Â »õ »ç¾÷¿¡ Âø¼öÇϱâ·Î °áÁ¤À» º¸¾Ò°í »óÈ£°£ÀÇ ¿ìÈ£ÀûÀÎ À¯´ë¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
Thanks for your visit and the fruitful talks we've had.
´ç½ÅÀÇ ¹æ¹®°ú »ó´ãÀÌ °á½ÇÀ» º¸°Ô µÇ¾î¼­ °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Thanks for your cooperation and efforts.
ÇùÁ¶¿Í ³ë°í¿¡ °¨»çµå¸³´Ï´Ù.

I have been expecting you.
´ç½ÅÀ» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

If the goods have not yet been shipped, we must ask you to send them by air.
ÁÖ¹®Ç°ÀÌ ¹Ì ¹ß¼ÛµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é Ç×°øÆíÀ¸·Î ¹ß¼ÛÇØ ÁֽʽÿÀ.

We have been awaiting stock of the above publication, but I am informed that it has now been received.
´ç»ç´Â »ó±âÀÇ ÃâÆÇ¹° Àç°í¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù¸¸ Áö±Ý ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀμöµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â Åë°í¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

When checking the goods received, we find that some items on your invoice have not been contained.
¼öÃëÇÑ »óǰÀ» Á¶»çÇØ º¸´Ï ¼ÛÀå¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸î °³ÀÇ Ç°¸ñÀÌ ´©¶ôµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

I have been very happy working here and thank you for your guidance during my employment.
Àú´Â ¿©±â¼­ Áñ°Ì°Ô ÀÏÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÀÏÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ±ÍÇÏÀÇ Áöµµ Æí´Þ¿¡ °¨»ç µå¸³´Ï´Ù.

The stuffing inside the case was so loose that some cups and plates have been broken.
»óÀÚ ³»ºÎ¸¦ ä¿ö ³ÖÀº °ÍÀÌ ´À½¼ÇÏ¿© ÄŰú Á¢½ÃµéÀÌ ±úÁ³½À´Ï´Ù.

There has been no improvement in your work performance and attitude despite our letters dated ... and .... As a result we have no option but to withdraw your services effective.
´ç»çÀÇ ...ÀÏÀÚ¿Í ...ÀÏÀÚ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ±ÍÇÏÀÇ ¾÷¹« ¼öÇà°ú ŵµ¿¡ ¾î¶² ÁøÀüµµ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ´ç»ç´Â ...ÀÏÀںηΠ±ÍÇÏÀÇ ¾÷¹«¸¦ ±×¸¸µÎ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.

We are pleased to inform you that these goods have been dispatched today [will be dispatched in ... / are now awaiting collection at ...].
ÀÌ ¹°Ç°ÀÌ ¿À´Ã ¹ß¼ÛµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â °Í[...¾È¿¡ ¹ß¼ÛµÉ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °Í/ÇöÀç ...¿¡¼­ collectionÀ» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °Í]À» Å뺸ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ±â»Þ´Ï´Ù.

We are pleased to inform you that your instructions on packing and marking have been completely made by our shipping agent in Seoul.
¼­¿ï¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´ç»ç ¼±Àû ´ë¸®Á¡¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Æ÷Àå°ú ÇÏÀÎÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸¶ÃÆÀ½À» ÅëÁöÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

We are writing to inform you that Mr. G.T. Woolen and Mr. N. Lollerwicz have been appointed as Directors in succession to Sir Harold Wainman and Mr. M.R. Russell.
G.T. Woolen¾¾¿Í N. Lollerwicz¾¾°¡ Harold Wainman °æ°ú M.J. Russell¾¾ÀÇ µÚ¸¦ À̾î ÀÌ»ç·Î ÀÓ¸íµÇ¾úÀ½À» ±Í»ç¿¡ ¾Ë·Áµå¸³´Ï´Ù.

We have pleasure in notifying you [announcing] that our business has been amalgamated with GOT U.S. LTD.
ÀúÈñ ȸ»ç°¡ GOT U.S. LTD.¿Í ÇÕº´Çß´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ±Í»ç¿¡ ¾Ë·Áµå¸®°Ô µÇ¾î[°øÇ¥ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î] ±â»Þ´Ï´Ù.

Your instructions about marking have been accurately carried out and the goods packed with all care.
ÇÏÀο¡ °üÇÑ ±Í»ç Áö½Ã´Â Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú°í »óǰÀº ¼¼½ÉÇÑ ÁÖÀÇ·Î Æ÷ÀåµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.

´ç»ç´Â 12³â°£ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÀÏ·ù Á¦Á¶¾÷ü·Î¼­ »ç¾÷À» ÇØ¿À°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç
We have been doing business as one of the leading manufacturers in Korea for 12 years,
ÀúÈñ Á¦Ç°Àº Çѱ¹°ú ÇØ¿Ü¿¡¼­ ³ôÀÌ Æò°¡¹Þ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
and our products are highly evaluated both in Korea and overseas.
ÇöÀç 11°³ ±¹°¡¿¡¼­ 100°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ °Å·¡Ã³¸¦ È®º¸Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Our company has more than 100 active clients in 11 countries.

EC21 »çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼­ Çѱ¹ ±â°è·ù ¼öÀÔ¿¡ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¹ÙÀ׿ÀÆÛ¸¦ Á¢Çϰí
Having found your buying offer on EC21.com that you are interested in importing Korean machinery,
´ç»ç¿Í ´ç»çÀÇ Á¦Ç°À» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°í ½Í¾î ¿¬¶ôµå¸³´Ï´Ù.
I am writing this to introduce our company and products.
ÀúÈñ´Â 1995³â ÀÌ·¡·Î ±¹³» ±â°è·ù ¹× ºÎǰ½ÃÀåÀ» ¼±µµÇؿ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¾÷üÀ̸ç,
We have been one of the exceptional manufacturers leading the local machinery & parts market since 1995.
ȸ»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸´Ù »ó¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸¿Í ÀúÈñ Á¦Ç°À» ÃÑ ¸Á¶óÇÑ e-īŻ·Î±×¸¦ ÷ºÎÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
I am attaching an e-catalog which includes more detailed information about our company and the whole product line.

´ç»ç´Â ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î 40¿© °³ÀÇ µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ ÆÇ¸ÅÁ¡¿¡ Á¦Ç°À» ¼öÃâÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÀúÈñÀÇ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ °æÀï·ÂÀº ºñÁî´Ï½º ÆÄÆ®³Ê¿ÍÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÇØ¿Ü ÆÇ¸ÅÁ¡ µî·Ï¿¡ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÁÖÀúÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ã°í ¿¬¶ô ÁֽʽÿÀ.
We have been exporting our products to over 40 respected distributors around the world.
Our real competitive advantage is business partner network.
If you are interested in joining our respected distributor group, do not hesitate to contact us.

Fossils of sea creatures have been discovered on top of peaks in the Rockies
and the Appalachians, as far as a thousand miles from the nearest ocean.
¹Ù´Ù»ý¹°µéÀÇ È­¼®ÀÌ ·ÎŰ»ê¸Æ°ú ¾ÖÆÈ¶óÄ¡¾Æ »ê¸ÆÀÇ ºÀ¿ì¸® ²À´ë±â¿¡¼­
¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº °¡Àå °¡±î¿î ¹Ù´Ù·ÎºÎÅÍ 1õ ¸¶ÀÏÀ̳ª ¶³¾îÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

In many cases, the formerly mysterious origins of diseases have now been
identified through modern scientific techniques.
¸¹Àº °æ¿ì¿¡ À־, Àü¿¡´Â ½Åºñ½º·¯¿ü´ø º´ÀÇ ±Ù¿øµéÀÌ Çö´ë °úÇбâ¼úÀ» ÅëÇØ¼­
¹àÇôÁ® ¿Ô´Ù.

More than half the world's tropical forests have been destroyed
in the past fifty years.
¼¼»óÀÇ ¿­´ë »ï¸²ÀÇ ¹Ý ÀÌ»óÀÌ Áö³­ 50³â µ¿¾È¿¡ ÆÄ±«µÇ¾ú´Ù.

Since 1913 when the Sixteenth Amendment of the Constitution
was adopted, Americans have been paying federal income taxes.
16Â÷ Çå¹ý ¼öÁ¤ÀÌ Ã¤ÅõǾú´ø 1913³âºÎÅÍ ¿©Å±îÁö ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº
¿¬¹æ¼Òµæ¼¼¸¦ ³»°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Some people argue that atomic bombs should not have been used
in the second world war, but others maintain using them was
inevitable so as to put a quick end to the war.
¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº 2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü¿¡¼­ ¿øÀÚÆøÅºÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¸»¾Ò¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í
ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀüÀïÀ» »¡¸® ³¡³»±â À§Çؼ­ ±×°ÍµéÀ»
»ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÇÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.

Had they not been hunted so ruthlessly for food and ivory for many years,
elephants nowadays would have much larger populations.
±×µéÀÌ À½½Ä°ú »ó¾Æ¸¦ ¾ò±â À§ÇØ ¿À·§µ¿¾È ±×·¸°Ô ¹«ÀÚºñÇÏ°Ô »ç³ÉµÇÁö
¾Ê¾Ò¾ú´Ù¸é, ÄÚ³¢¸®´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ ´õ ¸¹Àº ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ °¡ÁúÅÙµ¥.

As a result of what is now known in physics and chemistry,
scientists have been able to make important discoveries in biology
and medicine.
¹°¸®Çаú È­Çп¡¼­ ÇöÀç ¾Ë·ÁÁø °ÍÀÇ °á°ú·Î¼­, °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº »ý¹°Çаú
ÀÇÇп¡ À־ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ¹ß°ßµéÀ» ÇØ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

The impact of Thoreau's "On the duty of Civil Disobedience"
might not have been so far-reaching had it not been for
Elizabeth Peabody, who dared to publish the controversial essay.
¸¸¾à¿¡ ±× ³í¶õÀÌ µÇ´Â ¿¡¼¼À̸¦ °ú°¨È÷ ÃâÆÇÇß´ø Elizabeth Peabody °¡
¾ø¾ú´õ¶ó¸é, Thoreau ÀÇ ÀÛǰ "On the duty of Civil Disobedience" ÀÇ
¿µÇâÀº ±×·¸°Ô ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ»´ÂÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù.

Fairs that were held to improve farming methods have been very
important in the agricultural history of the United States.
³ó»ç ¹æ½ÄÀ» °³¼±½Ã۱â À§Çؼ­ °³ÃÖµÈ ÀåÅ͵éÀº ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ³ó¾÷ ¿ª»ç¿¡
À־ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇß´Ù.

Fossils of plants that have been extinct for fifty million years
have been found in large deposits of amber near the Baltic Sea.
5 õ¸¸³â µ¿¾È ¸êÁ¾µÇ¾ú´ø ½Ä¹°µéÀÇ È­¼®ÀÌ ¹ßÆ½ÇØ ±ÙóÀÇ Å« È£¹Ú
¸ÅÀåÁö¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù.

Of all the economically important plants, palms have been the least studied.
°æÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç ½Ä¹°Áß¿¡¼­ ¾ßÀÚ¼ö°¡ °¡Àå Àû°Ô ¿¬±¸µÇ¾î¿Ô´Ù.

Many of the innovations in airplane design since the days of
the Wright brothers have been made in order to lessen the effect of drag or
air resistance.
¶óÀÌÆ® ÇüÁ¦ ½ÃÀý ÀÌ·¡·Î Ç×°ø±â µðÀÚÀο¡ À־ÀÇ Çõ½Åµé ÁßÀÇ ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀÌ,
Ç×·ÂÀ̳ª °ø±âÀúÇ×ÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ °¨¼Ò½Ã۱â À§Çؼ­, ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù.

The Obie Awards have been given annually since 1956
to outstanding artists in off-Broadway theater.
The Obie Awards(¿¬±Ø»ó)Àº 1956³âºÎÅÍ ¸Å³â off-Broadway ¿¬±Ø¿¡¼­ ¶Ù¾î³­
¿¹¼ú°¡¿¡°Ô ¿©Å±îÁö ¼ö¿©µÇ¾î¿Ô´Ù.

A white oak at Rutgers University is said to have been the
inspiration for Joyce Kilmer's poem "Trees."
Rutgers ´ëÇп¡ ÀÖ´Â Èò ¿ÀÅ©³ª¹«°¡, Joyce Kilmer ÀÇ ½Ã "Trees"¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¿µ°¨ÀÇ
±Ù¿øÀ̾ú´Ù°í ÀÏÄÃÁø´Ù.

For centuries the aromatic spices of the Far East have been
in demand by the people of the East and West.
¼ö¼¼±âµ¿¾È ±Øµ¿ÀÇ Çâ½Å·á´Â µ¿¾ç°ú ¼­¾çÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¿ä±¸µÇ¾î¿Ô´Ù.

Great technical advances in aerial and satellite photography have been
made since the end of the Second World War.
Á¦ 2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀüÀÇ Á¾½Ä ÀÌ·¡·Î, Ç×°ø»çÁø°ú À§¼º»çÁø¿¡ À־ÀÇ ´ë´ÜÇÑ ±â¼úÀû
¹ßÀüÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¿Ô´Ù.

Steam engines have been replaced in most cases by more economical and
efficient devices, such as the electric motor.
½ºÆÀ¿£ÁøÀº, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì(¸¹Àº ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­)¿¡ Àü±â¸ðÅÍ¿Í °°Àº ´õ °æÁ¦ÀûÀÌ°í ´õ
È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ´ëÄ¡µÇ¾î¿Ô´Ù.

Since the Great Depression of the 1930's, social programs such as Social
Security have been built into the economy to help avert severe business
declines.
1930³â´ëÀÇ °æÁ¦ °øÈ² ÀÌ·¡·Î »çȸº¸ÀåÁ¦¿Í °°Àº »çȸÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁ®¼­ °æÁ¦¿¡
÷°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù, ½É°¢ÇÑ ±â¾÷¼èÅ𸦠¸·±â À§Çؼ­

Precious metals, gems, and ivory have been used to make buttons, but most
buttons are made of such materials as wood, glass, or plastic.
±Í±Ý¼Ó, º¸¼®, »ó¾Æ°¡ ´ÜÃ߸¦ ¸¸µå´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ´ÜÃß´Â
³ª¹«, À¯¸®, ÇÃ¶ó½ºÆ½ µî°ú °°Àº ±×·± Àç·áµé·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù.

Exploration of the Solar System is continuing, and at the present rate of
progress all the planets will have been contacted within the next 50 years.
žç°èÀÇ Å½ÇèÀº °è¼ÓµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í Áö±ÝÀÇ ¹ßÀü ¼Óµµ·Î ³ª°¡¸é ¾ÕÀ¸·Î 50³â
À̳»¿¡ ¸ðµç Ç༺ÀÌ Á¢Ã˵ǾúÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Soil temperatures in Death Valley, California, near the
Nevada border, have been known to reach 90 degrees Celsius.
³×¹Ù´ÙÁÖÀÇ °æ°è¼± ±Ùó¿¡ Àִ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÀÇ Death Valley ¿¡¼­ÀÇ Åä¾ç¿Âµµ´Â ¼·¾¾
90µµ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ¿Ô´Ù.

Much of what is known about the early Native Americans
have been dug out of the earth by archaeologists.
¿¾³¯ ¹Ì±¹ ¿øÁֹε鿡 °üÇØ¼­ ¾Ë·ÁÁø °Í ÁßÀÇ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀÌ °í°íÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼­
¶¥À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ß±¼µÇ¾ú´Ù.

Native American village sites, burial grounds, and artifacts
have been found in nearly every part of West Virginia.
¹Ì±¹ ¿øÁÖ¹ÎÀÇ ¸¶À»ÀÌ ÀÖ´ø Àå¼Òµé, ¸ÅÀåÁöµé, ±×¸®°í À¯¹°µéÀÌ West VirginiaÀÇ
°ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù.

Because the tachinid fly is a parasite of harmful insects,
many species have been imported into the United States
to combat insect pests.
ŸŰ´ÏµåÆÄ¸®´Â À¯ÇذïÃæµéÀÇ ±â»ýÃæÀ̹ǷÎ, ¸¹Àº Á¾µéÀÌ ÇØÃæ°ú ½Î¿ì±â À§Çؼ­
¹Ì±¹À¸·Î ¼öÀԵǾú´Ù.

The problem of acid rain air pollution may be said to have
originated with the Industrial Revolution, and it has been growing ever since.
»ê¼ººñ´ë±â¿À¿°ÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â »ê¾÷Çõ¸í°ú ÇÔ²² ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù°í ÀÏÄþîÁú ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×
ÀÌÈÄ·Î °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ Áõ°¡Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

Recently in the automobile industry, multinational companies
have developed to the point where so few cars can be
described as having been made entirely in one country.
ÃÖ±Ù ÀÚµ¿Â÷ »ê¾÷¿¡ À־, ´Ù±¹Àû ±â¾÷µéÀº, ¾ÆÁÖ ÀûÀº ¼ýÀÚÀÇ Â÷µé¸¸ÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷
ÇÑ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù°í ¹¦»çµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â, ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¤µµ±îÁö ¹ßÀüÇØ¿Ô´Ù.

consider
consider+¢¦ing :: I consider leaving early.
consider+O+(to be) :: Everyone considered the mistake (to be) serious.
consider+O+as :: I have been brought up to consider such things as dirty.
consider+that :: I consider that he is the best candidate.

discover
discover+O+prep. :: We discovered the powder to consist of harmless ingredients.
discover+wh. :: We could not discover who did it.
discover+O+to be :: We discovered to have been cheated.
discover+that :: We discovered that we had been cheated.

hear
hear prep. :: I have never heard of him since.
hear+O+prep. :: Have you heard the news of his resignation?
hear+O+O :: I heard a child his lesson.
hear+O+do, ¢¦ing :: I heard a bird sing.
hear+that :: I hear that you've been ill.

(4) ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÀϾ °ÍÀΰ¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¸é ±×µéÀº ÀÚ±âµéÀÇ °èȹÀ» ¹Ù²Ù¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1) If¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í µµÄ¡½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á °¡Á¤À» Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Áï µÚÁý´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Had they known ~ À¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¹®¾îÀû Ç¥ÇöÀ̶ó°í º»´Ù.
2) If they knew ¡¦ they would change ¡¦ ·Î ÇÏ¸é ¡¸¸¸ÀÏ ±×µéÀÌ ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é ~ ±×µéÀÌ ¹Ù²ÜÅÙµ¥¡¹·Î µÇ¾î ¡¸ÇöÀç »ç½ÇÀÇ ¹Ý´ë¡¹°¡ µÈ´Ù.
3) If they had realized what was shortly going to happen, they would have changed their plans.
¡æ ¡¸ÀÌÁ¦ ¸· ~ÇÏ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù¡¹ be about to -ºÎÁ¤»ç (=be just going to -ºÎÁ¤»ç/ be shortly going to -ºÎÁ¤»ç)
If it had not been for ~ =Had it not been for
If it were not for ~ =were it not for
ANS) Had they known what was about to happen, they would have changed their plans.

(1) ¼ö¼¼±â¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷µéÀº ³ë¿¹Ã³·³ ½Ã´Þ¸®´ø ¾ÏÈæ¼¼°è¸¦ ¹þ¾î³ª ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ ±¤¸í¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ì±â À§ÇÏ¿© ÅõÀïÀ» ÇØ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÚÀ¯´Â ÇÏ·í¹ã »çÀÌ¿¡ ã¾Æ¿Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ¿î¿µÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ö´Ü°ú ¹æ¹ýÀ» ã¾Æ³»´Â µ¥´Â ¼ö¹é³âÀÇ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É·È°í ¼ö¹é¸¸¸íÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇß½À´Ï´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸ðµç ±¹¹Î¿¡°Ô ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ °¡Á®´Ù ÁÙ Á¤Ä¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¥¸ÁÀ» ¿¾³¯ºÎÅÍ °­ÇÏ°Ô ´À²¸ ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¹é³âÀÌ Áö³ª´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ »ç¶÷µéÀº ±¹¹Î¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¤Ä¡°¡ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ Á¤Ä¡ÇüŶó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ±¹¹Î¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¤Ä¡´Â ¸ðµç ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» À§ÇÑ Á¤Ä¡¸¦ ¶æÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¡æ ¼ö¼¼±â¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿©: through centuries
¡æ ³ë¿¹Ã³·³ ½Ã´Þ¸®´ø ¾ÏÈæ¼¼°è: the shadow of slavery ¶Ç´Â the darkness of slavery
¡æ ¡¦¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ª ¡¦¿¡¼­ »ì±â À§Çؼ­: to come out from¢¦and to live in¢¦
¡æ ³ª»Û ¹ö¸©ÀÌ ÀÏÁ¶Àϼ®¿¡ °íÃÄÁú ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. A bad habit cannot be corrected overnight.
¡æ ±× ´Ù¸®¸¦ °Ç¼³ÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â 2³âÀÌ °É·È´Ù. It took two years to construct the bridge.
¡æ ¼ö¹é¸¸³âÀÇ ½Ã°£: hundreds of years
¡æ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ¿î¿µÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ö´Ü°ú ¹æ¹ý: ways and means to make democracy work[to run democracy effectively]
¡æ ¼ö¹é³âÀÌ Áö³ª´Â µ¿¾È¿¡: as the centuries went by
ANS) Through centuries men have fought to come out from the shadow of slavery into the sunlight of freedom. Freedom did not come overnight. It has taken hundreds of years and the efforts of millions of people to find ways and means to make democracy work. The desire for a kind of government that would give freedom to all people has always been strong among men. As the centuries went by, men discovered that 'government by the people' is the ideal form of government. Because government by the people means government for the good of all the people.

(2) ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÀÐ°í ½ÍÀº °ÍÀ» ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÚÀ¯»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÃâÆÇÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯µµ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Á¤ºÎ¸¦ ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °øµ¿ÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÒ ¶§, ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô Á¤ºÎ¸¦ ºñÆÇÇÒ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ °¡Á®´ÙÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ÃâÆÇÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô´Â Àç»êÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯Çϰí, »ç¾÷À» Çϰí, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â Á÷¾÷¿¡ Á¾»çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾ï¿ïÇÏ°Ô Ãë±Þ´çÇß´Ù°í »ý°¢µÉ ¶§´Â Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Àç°í¸¦ ¿äûÇÒ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¸¸¾à Á˰¡ À־ °í¼Ò¸¦ ´çÇÏ¸é ¹ýÁ¤¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ °øÁ¤ÇÑ ÀçÆÇÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ À¯ÁË·Î ÆÇ¸íµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾Æ¹«µµ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á˰¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
¡æ ÀÐ°í ½ÍÀº °ÍÀ» ÀÐÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÚÀ¯»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÃâÆÇÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯µµ¡¦: freedom to press as well as to read what you wish¢¦
¡æ ¾ð·ÐÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯´Â freedom of speechÀÌÁö¸¸ ÃâÆÇÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯´Â freedom of the pressÀÌ´Ù.
¡æ °øµ¿ÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÇ´Ù: help the common good[be of benefit to everyone]
¡æ ¿øÇÏ´Â Á÷¾÷¿¡ Á¾»çÇÏ´Ù: work at any job you like
¡æ Á¤ºÎ¿¡°Ô Àç°í¸¦ ¿äûÇÏ´Ù: ask the government to think it over again¢¦[to reconsider it]
¡æ ¾ï¿ïÇÏ°Ô Ãë±Þ´çÇÏ´Ù: be treated unjustly
¡æ °øÁ¤ÇÑ ÀçÆÇÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ±Ç¸®: the right to be given a fair trial
ANS) You have freedom to press as well as to read what you wish. It is freedom of the press that gives you freedom to criticize the government when you feel it will help the common good. You have freedom to own property, to go into business, to work at any job you like. You have the right to ask the government to think it over again if you feel you have treated unjustly. You have the right to be given a fair trial by a court of law if you are accused of a crime. No one can say you are guilty unless you have been proved guilty.

(7) ¾îÁ¦ÀÎ °Í °°Àºµ¥ ¿ì¸®µéÀÌ Ã³À½ ¸¸³ª°í ³ª¼­ ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â 10³â °¡±îÀÌ µÇ´Â±º¿ä.
¡æ ¡¸¢¦ÇÏ°í ³ª¼­ 10³âÀÌ µÇ´Ù¡¹´Â It is ten years since¢¦/ It has been ten years since~·Î ÁÁ´Ù.
Ten years have passed since~ ´Â µüµüÇÏÁö¸¸ Á¾Á¾ ¾´´Ù.
¡æ You (can think) as if it were yesterday¢¦ ¿Í °°Àº Á÷¿ªÀº ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
(ANS) It seems like yesterday, but it's actually nearly ten years since we first met.

(7) À۳⿡ ±×¿Í °Å¸®¿¡¼­ ¸¸³µÀ» ¶§, ±×¿¡°Ô ¹«½¼ °í¹Î°Å¸®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÂ÷¸®Áö ¸øÇÑ Ã¤ ±×´ë·Î Çì¾îÁ³´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±× ¶§ ±×ÀÇ °í¹ÎÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´õ¶ó¸é Á¶±ÝÀÌ¶óµµ µµ¿òÀÌ µÆÀ»ÅÙµ¥.
°Å¸®¿¡¼­: °Å¸®¶õ a street·Î º¸°í, on (¶Ç´Â in) a (the) street·Î.
¡æ À۳⿡ ¢¦ÇßÀ» ¶§: last year, when ¡¦ À¸·Îµµ ÁÁ°í, when ¡¦ last yearÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.
¡æ °í¹Î°Å¸®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù: be in trouble; be in distress; have some worries µîÀ¸·Î Ç¥Çö.
¡æ Çì¾îÁ³´Ù: part from+»ç¶÷À¸·Î ÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù.
¡æ ¸¸ÀÏ ¢¦¾Ë¾Ò´õ¶ó¸é, ¡¦ ÇßÀ»ÅÙµ¥: »ç½Ç°ú´Â ´Þ¸® °¡Á¤ÇÑ °æ¿ìÀ̹ǷΠ°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·áÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. If I had been aware of his trouble, I could have helped him somehow.
(ANS) Last year, when I happened to meet him in the street, I did not notice that he had worries and parted from him at once. If I had known his worries then, I could have offered him help in some way or other./ I came across him on the street last year, and I parted from him without noticing that he was in trouble. If I had been aware of his trouble, I could have helped him somehow.

(2) ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­´Â ÀνºÅºÆ® ½Äǰ½Ã´ë°¡ µµ·¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ½Ä»çÀ¯ÇüÀº Å©°Ô º¯ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½Ä·áǰÁ¡¿¡ °¡¸é ½±°Ô »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ ÀνºÅºÆ® ½ÄǰµéÀÌ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ À½½ÄÀ» ´ë½ÅÇÏ°Ô µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº Çö»óÀº »ê¾÷»çȸ¿¡¼­´Â ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀÎ Çö»óÀÌ´Ù. ÀνºÅºÆ® ½ÄǰÀº ÀÏ¿¡ ¹Ù»Û »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½Ã°£°ú Á¤·ÂÀ» Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
±×·±µ¥ À½½Ä¹®È­°¡ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ º¯È­ÇÏÀÚ ÀϺΠºÎµµ´öÇÑ ½Ä·áǰ »ý»ê¾÷ÀÚµéÀº ÀνºÅºÆ® ½ÄǰÀÇ ´ë·®¼Òºñ¸¦ ±âÈ­·Î ¼ÒºñÀÚÀÇ °Ç°­À» ÇØÄ¡´Â ºÒ·®½ÄǰÀ» »ý»êÇÏ´Â »ç·Ê°¡ ÀϾ´Ù. Â÷Á¦¿¡ º¸°Ç´ç±¹ÀÌ ¿ì¸® ÁÖº¯ÀÇ ºÒ·®½ÄǰÀ» »Ñ¸®»Ì±â À§Çؼ­ Àü¸éÀûÀÎ ÇàÁ¤°¨»ç¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¶Ã³¶ó ÇϰڴÙ.
¡æ ¡¦°¡ µµ·¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á: with the advent of¢¦; with the emergence of¢¦
¡æ ½Ä»çÀ¯Çü: the dietary pattern
¡æ ½Ä·áǰÁ¡¿¡ °¡¸é ½±°Ô »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀνºÅºÆ® ½Äǰ: instant food items that are readily available in groceries
¡æ (±×·±µ¥) À½½Ä¹®È­°¡ ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ º¯È­ÇÏÀÚ¡¦: But as the food culture changes radically,¡¦/ But in the wake of the drastic change in the food culture,¡¦
¡æ ÀϺΠºÎµµ´öÇÑ ½Ä·áǰ »ý»ê¾÷ÀÚ: some immoral food producers
¡æ ºÒ·®½Äǰ: unwholesome food items; substandard food products
¡æ ¡¦ÀÇ ´ë·®¼Òºñ¸¦ ±âÈ­·Î: taking advantage of the mass consumption of¢¦
¡æ Â÷Á¦¿¡: at this juncture; under/ in these circumstances
¡æ Àü¸éÀûÀÎ ÇàÁ¤°¨»ç: an all-out administrative inspection; a nationwide investigation
¡æ »Ñ¸®»Ì´Ù: root out
(ANS) The dietary pattern in our country has largely changed nowadays with the advent of an era of instant food. Many of traditional dishes have been replaced by instant food items that are readily available in groceries. In industrial societies, such a phenomenon is inevitable, since fast food makes it possible for busy hardworking people to save time and energy.
But in the wake of such a drastic change, some immoral food producers have been producing unwholesome food items potentially harmful to the health of consumers, taking advantage of the mass consumption of instant food. Under these circumstances it is more than appropriate that the public health authorities should have conducted an all-out inspection to root out substandard food.

(2) ¼Ò³Ä Å罺ÅäÀÌ´Â Àþ¾úÀ» ¶§´Â ¸Å·Â ÀÖ´Â ¿©¼ºÀ̾ú´ø °Í °°´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¸ö¸Å°¡ ¿ì¾ÆÇß°í ´«ÀÌ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ü°í À±ÀÌ È帣´Â °ËÀº ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ôÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. »ý±â°¡ ³ÑÃÆ°í ¸í¶ûÇßÀ¸¸ç ¸ñ¼Ò¸®°¡ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ü´Ù. Å罺ÅäÀÌ´Â ¿À·¡ ÀüºÎÅÍ Àϱ⸦ ½á¿Ô´Âµ¥ ±× Àϱ⿡ ÀÚ±âÀÇ Èñ¸Á, »ý°¢, ±×ÀÇ °£ÀýÇÑ ±âµµ¿Í ÀÚ±âºñ³­»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÁËÃ¥°¨À» ´À²¼´ø ¼ºÀûÀÎ À߸ø, ±âŸ¸¦ ±â·ÏÇß¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ¾àÈ¥À» ûÇßÀ» ¶§ Àå·¡ÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¼û±âÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á´Â »ý°¢¿¡¼­ ±×´Â ±×³à¿¡°Ô ÀÚ±âÀÇ Àϱ⸦ Àо¶ó°í ³Ñ°ÜÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼Ò³Ä´Â Å©°Ô Ãæ°ÝÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´«¹° ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¹ãÀ» Áö»õÀÚ Àϱ⸦ µ¹·ÁÁÖ°í ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¿ë¼­Çß´Ù. ±×³à´Â °ú¿¬ ¿ë¼­´Â ÇßÁö¸¸, ±×·¸´Ù°í ÀØÀº °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù.
¡æ ¡¸¡¦À̾ú´ø °°´Ù¡¹´Â seem+have+p.pÀÇ Çü½ÄÀÌ ¾Ë¸Â´Ù.
¡æ ±×³à´Â ¸ö¸Å°¡ ¿ì¾ÆÇß°í¡¦: She had a graceful figure.
¡æ À±ÀÌ È帣´Â °ËÀº ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ô: dark lustrous hair
¡æ »ý±â°¡ ³ÑÄ¡°í ¸í¶ûÇÏ´Ù: She had vitality and high spirits.
¡æ ¡¸Àϱ⸦ ½á¿Ô´Âµ¥ ±× Àϱ⿡¡¦¡¹ÀÇ ±¸¹®Àº °ü°è´ë¸í»ç¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù.: Tolstoy had long kept a diary, in which¡¦
¡æ ÁËÃ¥°¨À» ´À²¼´ø ¼ºÀûÀÎ À߸ø, ±âŸ¸¦ ¡¦: the faults, sexual and otherwise, of which he was guilty
¡æ Àå·¡ÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¼û±âÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á´Â »ý°¢¿¡¼­¡¦: in his desire to conceal nothing from his future wife
¡æ ´«¹° ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¹ãÀ» Áö»õÀÚ¡¦: after a sleepless night passed in tears
(ANS) Sonya Tolstoy as a young woman seems to have been attractive. She had a graceful figure, fine eyes and dark lustrous hair. She had vitality, high spirits and a beautiful voice. Tolstoy had long kept a diary, in which he recorded not only his hopes and thoughts, his prayers and self-reproachings, but also the faults, sexual and otherwise, of which he was guilty. On their engagement, in his desire to conceal nothing from his future wife, he gave her his diary to read. She was deeply shocked, but after a sleepless night passed in tears, returned it and forgave. She forgave; she did not forget.

(3) ±è¹Ú»ç´Â ¿©·¯ Â÷·Ê ÇØ¿Ü ³ªµéÀ̸¦ Ç߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×°¡ ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ Ç³¼ÓÀ̳ª ½À°ü µûÀ§¸¦ Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ»óÇÒ °Ô ¾ø´Ù.
¡æ ¿©·¯ Â÷·Ê ÇØ¿Ü ³ªµéÀ̸¦ Çß´Ù: À̰ÍÀº Áö±Ý±îÁöÀÇ À̾߱âÀ̹ǷΠÇöÀç¿Ï·áÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦, Áï has been abroad·Î ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¡æ ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ Ç³¼ÓÀ̳ª ½À°ü: foreign manners and customs
¡æ ¢¦À» Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù: have a good knowledge of¢¦
¡æ ÀÌ»óÇÒ °Ô ¾ø´Ù: be natural; be no wonder; not surprising µî
(ANS 1) As Dr. Kim has often been abroad, it is natural that he has a good knowledge of foreign manners and customs.
(ANS 2) Mr. Kim has been abroad many times, and so it is no wonder that he should be well versed in the manners and customs of foreign countries.

(8) ³»°¡ ¿ª¿¡ µµÂøÇßÀ» ¶§ ±âÂ÷´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ¶°³ª°í ¾ø¾ú´Ù. µµÁß¿¡ ¹ö½º°¡ °íÀ峪Áö¸¸ ¾Ê¾Ò´øµé ÃæºÐÈ÷ ½Ã°£¿¡ ´î ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¡æ ¿ª¿¡ µµÂøÇßÀ» ¶§ ±âÂ÷´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ¶°³ª°í ¾ø¾ú´Ù. When I arrived at the station, the train had already left/ When I got to the station, I found (that) the train had already started.
¡¸¿­Â÷°¡ ¶°³­¡¹°ÍÀº ¡¸³»°¡ ¿ª¿¡ µµÂøÇßÀ» ¶§¡¹º¸´Ù ÀÌÀüÀÇ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ º¸´Ù ÀüÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»·Á¸é °ú°Å¿Ï·á ½ÃÁ¦ (Past Perfect Tense)¸¦ ½á¾ßÇÑ´Ù.
(ANS) When I got to the station, the train had already left. But for the breakdown of the bus on the way, I could have been in plenty of time.

(7) ±×¿Í ¾Ë°ÔµÈÁö ¾ÆÁ÷ µÎ¼­³Ê ´Þ ¹Û¿¡ ¾ÈµÇÁö¸¸ Áö±ÝÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ¿À·£ Ä£±¸Ã³·³ »ý°¢µÈ´Ù. ÀÌÇØ½Éµµ ÀÖ°í ±âºÐ ÁÁÀº Ä£±¸ÀÌ´Ù.
¡æ ¢¦¿Í ¾Ë°ÔµÇ´Ù: come to know¢¦: become acquainted with¢¦: make one's acquaintance
¡æ ¡¦ÇÑÁö ¢¦¹Û¿¡ ¾È µÈ´Ù: It is¢¦ since¡¦: have passed since¡¦
¡æ ¸¶Ä¡ ¡¦ÀÎ °Íó·³ »ý°¢µÈ´Ù: it seems as if¢¦: I feel as if [though]...
¡æ ¿À·£ Ä£±¸: an old friend[acquaintance]: a friend of long standing
¡æ ÀÌÇØ½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Â: considerate: very kind
¡æ ±âºÐ ÁÁÀº: jolly: amusing: cheerful
(ANS 1) It is only a few months since I became acquainted with him, but it seems to me as if he were an old friend. He is very kind and a jolly companion.
(ANS 2) Only two or three months have passed since I came to know him, but I feel as though we have been friends of long standing. He is a considerate and cheerful fellow.

4. Áö±ÝÀÇ ÀþÀºÀ̵éÀÌ ³ëÀÎÀÌ µÉ ¹«·Æ¿¡´Â Çѱ¹Àΰú ¿Ü±¹ÀÎ °£¿¡ ´õ¿í ´õ ±íÀº ÀÌÇØ°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¡æ ´õ¿í ´õ ±íÀº ÀÌÇØ°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëÇÑ´Ù : I hope there will have been a far deeper understanding. I hope they will have had a much deeper mutual understanding.
(ANS) By the time young people get old, I hope there will be (or will have been) a much deeper (mutual) understanding between Koreans and foreigners.

9. ³×°¡ ¿©·¯ Â÷·Ê Ãæ°í¸¦ ÇØÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´õ¶ó¸é, ³ª´Â ¼Ó¾Æ³Ñ¾î°¬À» °Å¾ß.
¡æ ¡¸³ª´Â ¼Ó¾Æ³Ñ¾î°¬À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡¹ÀÇ¡¸¼ÓÀÌ´Ù¡¹¿¡´Â take inÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.¡¸¸»ÀÌ ¹øµå¸£¸£ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¼ÓÁö ¸¶½Ã¿À.¡¹ ¡æDon't be taken in by a smooth talker. µû¶ó¼­, I should (¶Ç´Â might) have been taken in.
¡æ ¡¸³×°¡ ¿©·¯ Â÷·Ê Ãæ°í¸¦ ÇØÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´õ¶ó¸é¡¹Àº °ú°Å »ç½ÇÀÇ ¹Ý´ë·Î °¡Á¤ÇϹǷΡ¸If~had+°ú°ÅºÐ»ç¡¹ÀÇ ¹®ÇüÀÌ´Ù. If you had not advised me again and again À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸,¡¸¿©·¯ Â÷·Ê µÇÇ®ÀÌµÈ Ãæ°í¡¹¶ó°í, ¸í»çÇüÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©, Your repeated advice¶óÇϰí If it had not been for your repeated advice~³ª But for (¶Ç´Â Without) your repeated advice~·Î ÇØ º»´Ù. ¶Ç If ¸¦ »ý·«Çؼ­ Had it not been for your repeated advice~ ¶ó°íµµ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
(ANS) If it had not been for your repeated advice, I should have been taken in.

10. Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÌ Áö±Ý±îÁö °É¾î¿Â ¿ª»çÀû °úÁ¤ÀÌ ±×·¯ÇßÀ» Å×Áö¸¸, Á¾·¡ÀÇ Çѱ¹ÀÎÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °Ç°­À» µ¹º¸´Â °ÍÀ» º°·Î Áß¿ä½Ã ÇØ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø °Í °°´Ù.
¡æ ¡¸Çѱ¹ÀΡ¹Àº ¿©±â¼­´Â ±¹¹Î Àüü¸¦ ¸»ÇϹǷΠThe Koreans ¶Ç´ÂThe Korean peopleÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¡¸Áö±Ý±îÁö °É¾î¿Â ¿ª»çÀû °úÁ¤¡¹Àº °ü°è´ë¸í»ç¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© the historical process which ~ have gone through¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.
¡æ ¡¸¿ª»çÀû °úÁ¤ÀÌ ±×·¯ÇßÀ» Å×Áö¸¸¡¹Àº¡¸¾Æ¸¶ ¿ª»çÀû °úÁ¤ ¶§¹®À̰ÚÁö¸¸¡¹À¸·Î »ý°¢Çϰí Perhaps because of (or owing to) ~·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í °­Á¶±¸¹®À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© It is perhaps because of ~ that¡¦¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
¡æ ¡¸Á¾·¡ÀÇ Çѱ¹ÀÎÀº¡¹À» ¡¸Çѱ¹ÀÎÀº Áö±Ý±îÁö¡¹·Î º¸°í, so far¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸé ÁÁ´Ù. ¡¸Áß¿ä½ÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¡¹´Â ¡¸~ÀÇ Á߿伺À» °æ½ÃÇÑ´Ù¡¹Áï neglect(¶Ç´Â be negligent of ~) the importance; underestimate the significance·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
(ANS 1) Perhaps because of the historical course (which) the Korean people have gone through, they seem to have so far been rather negligent of the significance of taking good care of their health.
(ANS 2) It seems that the Koreans have so far rather underestimated the importance of taking good care of their health. This is perhaps due to the course of history they have passed through. ~31

2. ºÒŸ´Â ÅÂ¾ç ¾Æ·¡¼­ ¼ö¿µÀ» Áñ±â´ø °ÍÀÌ ¾ü±×Á¦ °°Àºµ¥, ¹ú½á ¾ÆÄ§ Àú³á ÀÌ¸é ½Ò½ÒÇÏ´Ù.
¡æ ¡¸~ÇÏ´ø °ÍÀÌ ºÒ°ú ¾ü±×Á¦ °°´Ù¡¹´Â It seems as if (or as though) it had been just a few days ago that~. It seems only a few days ago that~ ÇöÀçÀÇ »ç½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­¡¸¸¶Ä¡ ~ÀÎ °Í󷳡¹À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¶§´Â as if (or as though) µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â µ¿»ç´Â °¡Á¤¹ý°ú°Å°¡ ¾²ÀÌÁö¸¸, ¿©±â¼­Ã³·³ °ú°ÅÀÇ ÀÏÀ» ¸»ÇÒ ¶§´Â °¡Á¤¹ý°ú°Å¿Ï·áÇüÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
¡æ ¡¸±×´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù¡¹ He talks as if he knew everything.
¡æ ¡¸³ªÀÇ ¾ÆÁÖ¸Ó´Ï´Â ¸¶Ä¡ ³ª¸¦ Àڱ⠾Ƶéó·³ »ç¶ûÇØ ÁֽŴ١¹ My aunt loves me as if I were her own son.
¡æ ¡¸±×´Â ¾Æ¹« Àϵµ ¾ø¾ú´ø °Íó·³ º¸¿´´Ù¡¹ He looked as if nothing had happened.
¡æ ¡¸±×´Â ¾ÆÇ °Íó·³ º¸Àδ١¹¿Í¡¸±×´Â ¾ÆÇ °Íó·³ º¸¿´´Ù¡¹ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ¡¸~º¸Àδ١¹¶ó´Â ÇöÀç¿Í¡¸~º¸¿´´Ù¡¹ÀÇ °ú°Å Â÷ÀÌÀε¥, À̰ÍÀ» ¿µ¾î·Î ¿Å±æ ¶§´Â look¿Í looked·Î¸¸ ´Þ¶óÁöÁö, as if ÈĹݱîÁö ½ÃÁ¦¸¦ ´Þ¸®ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. He looks as if he were ill./ He looked as if he were ill.
¡æ ¡¸ºÒŸ´Â ÅÂ¾ç ¾Æ·¡¼­¡¹under a (or the) scorching (or burning) sun. Çü¿ë»ç¸¦ ºÙ¿©, Ư¼öÇÑ ¸ð¾çÀÇ Å¾çÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÒ ¶§´Â ºÎÁ¤°ü»ç¸¦ ¾´´Ù. ´Þµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î, a full moon(¸¸¿ù), a half moon(¹Ý´Þ) µî.
¡æ ¡¸¾ÆÄ§, Àú³áÀ¸·Î ½Ò½ÒÇÏ´Ù¡¹feel chilly in the morning and evening; have cool(er) mornings and evening.
(ANS) It seems as if it had been just a few days ago that we were enjoying swimming under a scorching sun, but it is already a little chilly in the morning and evening.

4. ÃÖ±Ù µé¾î Áö±¸ÀÇ ¹Ì·¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ºñ°üÀûÀÎ °ßÇØ¸¦ °®´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´Ã¾î³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ÀþÀº »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¸¹´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ³î¶ö¸¸ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.
¡æ ~ÀÇ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´Ã¾î³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù: people (who ~) have increased in number; the number of people (who ~) has increased
¡æ ÀþÀº »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­: among young people; among the younger generation
(ANS 1) Recently the number of those who take a pessimistic view of the earth's future has been increasing, and it is surprising indeed that this tendency is more common among the younger generation.
(ANS 2) More and more people today look on the dark side of the future of the earth. To our surprise, this tendency is still more remarkable among young people.

1. ±× Á¾±â·Î ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ¸é ±× »ç¶÷Àº ¹ì¿¡ ¹°¸° °ÍÀÌ Æ²¸²ÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
¡æ ¡¸~ÇßÀ½¿¡ Ʋ¸²ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¡¹ must have+°ú°ÅºÐ»ç¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¼­ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
¡æ ¡¸~¿¡¼­ ÆÇ´ÜÇϸ项À» If I judge by·Î ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÁÁÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
¡æ ¡¸Á¾±â¡¹swelling ¡¸A¿¡¼­ ÆÇ´ÜÇϸ项 judging by A/ judging from A
(ANS) Judging by the swelling, the man must have been bitten by a snake.

14. ³ªÀÇ ¿¾³¯ µ· ¼öÁý °æ·ÂÀº ¾à 7³â µÈ´Ù.
¡æ ¿¾³¯ µ· ¼öÁý °æ·Â: ¿©±â¼­ '¼öÁý °æ·Â'À̶õ ¼öÁý ¿ª»çÀε¥ ¹Ù·Î ±× ¿µ¾î ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ '¾à 7³â µ¿¾È ¿¾³¯ µ·À» ¼öÁýÇØ ¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù¶ó°í °íÃÄ »ý°¢ÇØ º¾´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¸é, ½ÃÁ¦·Î´Â ÇöÀç¿Ï·á ÁøÇàÇüÀÌ ¶°¿À¸¦ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
(ANS 1) I have been collecting old coins for about seven years.
(ANS 2) I began to collect old coins about seven years ago.

[ÝïÎò] pupil, student, scholar, disciple
pupil(»ýµµ)Àº ¾î¸®°Å³ª Àü°ø Çаú ¶§¹®¿¡, ¼±»ýÀÇ ¼¼¹ÐÇÑ °¨µ¶ ¹Ø¿¡ ÀÖ´Â À̸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ pupilÀ̶ó°í Çϸé, Eton, Harrow °°Àº »ç¸³Çб³(public school, ´ëÇÐ ÀÔÇÐ ¿¹ºñ ±³À°À» ÁÖ·Î ÇÏ´Â Áß¡¤°íµîÇб³), ¶Ç´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °íµîÇб³(high school)¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ÁßµîÇб³(secondary school)¿¡ ´Ù´Ï´Â À̸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ pupilÀº ÈçÈ÷ ÃʵîÇб³¿¡ ´Ù´Ï´Â ÀÌ¿¡ ÇÑÇØ ¾²ÀδÙ. ³ªÀÌ ¿©Çϸ¦ ºÒ¹®Çϰí Àü°øÇаú ¶§¹®¿¡ pupilÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÌ(ÁÖ·Î ´ëÇлý)´Â, an art pupil, a music pupiló·³, ÈçÈ÷ Àü°øÇÏ´Â Çаú À̸§À» ºÙ¿© ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
The teacher found her pupils exceedingly restless that day./ She has ten pupils to whom she gives instruction in music.
student´Â °íµî ±³À° ±â°ü¿¡ ´Ù´Ï´Â À̸¦ ¸»ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â °íµîÇб³ÀÇ Çлýµµ °¡¸®Å°´Â ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
the number of students in the college/ a college student/ student life
¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ student´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ¾î´À ÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ Àü·ÂÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸°¡¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
I have been a student of Western European politics ever since I visited France in 1944.
scholar´Â ÃʵîÇб³, ÁÖÀÏÇб³ µûÀ§ÀÇ »ýµµ¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
The school has five hundred scholars.
ÀÌ ¶æÀ¸·Î´Â pupil°ú µ¿ÀǾîÁö¸¸, Ưº°È÷ ´ëÇп¡¼­ ÀåÇбÝ(scholarship)À» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â Çо÷ÀÌ ¿ì¼öÇÑ Æ¯´ë»ýÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù. ÀÌ ¶æÀ¸·Î´Â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­º¸´Ù´Â ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ ´õ ÈçÈ÷ ¾²À̰í, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â ÈçÈ÷ ÀåÇÐ±Ý ¸íΰú ÇÔ²² ¾²ÀδÙ. ¶ÇÇÑ scholar´Â Çй®¿¡ Àü½ÉÇÏ´Â ÀÌ, ÇнÄÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÀÌ, ¡¸ÇÐÀÚ¡¹¸¦ ÀǹÌÇϸç, À̰ÍÀÌ °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â Çö´ëÀû ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
discipleÀº a disciple of Jesusó·³ ¼º¼­ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» Å©°Ô ¹Þ¾Æ¼­, ¾î¿øÀûÀÎ pupilÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î´Â ¿µ¾î¿¡¼­´Â º°·Î ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¶§·Î ¿¾ ½Ã´ë¿Í °ü·ÃÇØ¼­, ¶Ç´Â À¯¸Ó·¯½ºÇÑ ¿ë¹ý¿¡¼­ ¾²ÀÌÁö¸¸, ±×·± °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ½º½ÂÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çå½ÅÀûÀÎ ½ÅºÀÀÇ ¶æÀ» ǰ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

[ÝïÎò] stop, cease, pause, quit, discontinue, desist
stop´Â ÀÏ»ó¾î·Î ¿îµ¿¡¤È°µ¿¡¤ÁøÇàÀÇ Áß´Ü ¶Ç´Â Á¾°áÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
My watch stopped./ Oh! do stop talking that way!
cease´Â ¹®¾î·Î µüµüÇÑ ¸», »ó´çÇÑ ±â°£ °è¼ÓµÇ°í ÀÖ´ø °Í, Á¸Àç»óŰ¡ Á¤Áö ¶Ç´Â Á¾°áµÇ´Â ¶æÀ» ǰ´Â´Ù.
The war had ceased./ All life has ceased.
µû¶ó¼­ A train stops¶ó°í´Â ÇØµµ ceases¶ó°í´Â ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±âÂ÷¿¡¼­ ³ª´Â ¼ÒÀ½Àº µ¿ÀÛÀ¸·Îµµ »óÅ·εµ ÃëÇØÁö¹Ç·Î, µÑ ´Ù ¾²ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î, The noise stops(or ceases)ó·³ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. One stops a car¿¡¼­ cease¸¦ ¾²·Á¸é, One ceases driving a caró·³ ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ stop´Â °©ÀÛ½º·± Á¤Áö, cease´Â Á¡Â÷ÀûÀÎ Á¤Áö¸¦ ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦Å׸é À½¾Çȸ¿¡ ³ª¿Â ¿¬ÁÖ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ He ceased playingÀ̶ó°í ÇÏ¸é ¾Ç°îÀ» ³¡¸Î¾î ¡¸¿¬ÁÖ¸¦ ±×Ä¡´Ù¡¹ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ µÇ°í, He stopped playingÀ̶ó°í ÇÏ¸é µ¹¿¬ ¹«½¼ ¹æÇذ¡ ÀÖ¾î Áß´ÜÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â ¡¸¿¬ÁÖ¸¦ ±×¸¸µÎ´Ù¡¹ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
pause´Â ¿îµ¿¡¤È°µ¿ÀÌ ÀϽà Á¤ÁöµÈ ÈÄ¿¡ ´Ù½Ã °è¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
He paused to tie his shoe.
quit´Â stop, ceaseÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÁÖ ÈçÈ÷ ¾²À̴ ǥÁؾîÁö¸¸, ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­´Â ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í ´ë½Å leave off°¡ ¾²ÀδÙ. ´Ü, ½ºÄÚÆ²·£µå¡¤¾ÆÀÏ·£µåÀÇ ¿µ¾î¿¡¼­´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ÀÌ ¸»ÀÌ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. º»·¡ ÀÌ ¸»Àº ¡¸³õ¾ÆÁÖ´Ù, ¹æ¸éÇÏ´Ù¡¹(set free, release)ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ±× stop¶õ Àǹ̿¡¼­µµ ¡¸¹æ¸é, ÇØÁ¦¡¹ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ °¡²û ¾Ï½ÃµÈ´Ù.
He quit his job for a better position.
quit¿¡´Â stopÀÇ ¶æ°ú ceaseÀÇ ¶æÀÌ ÀÖ¾î, He quit workingÀ̶ó°í Çϸé, stopped working(<±× ³¯ ÇÏ·çÀÇ ÀÏ µûÀ§> ÀÏÀ» ±×¸¸µÎ¾ú´Ù)ÀÇ ¶æµµ, ceased working(ÀÏÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ ±×¸¸ µÎ¾ú´Ù, ÀºÅðÇß´Ù)ÀÇ ¶æµµ µÈ´Ù.
discontinue´Â ¿À·§µ¿¾È ½À°üÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´ø ÀÏ, Á÷¾÷ µûÀ§ÀÇ È°µ¿À» ÁßÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
discontinue a business (or a friendship, or a correspondence, or a subscription to a journal, or drinking intoxication liquors)/ He has discontinued the practice of law.
desist´Â Çö´ë °ü¿ë¿¡¼­´Â ÀÚµ¿»ç·Î ¾²ÀδÙ. ±×¸¸µÎ´Â µ¿±â·Î ÀÚÁ¦½ÉÀ» °­Á¶ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±× ³ë·ÂÀÌ ÇêµÈ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇϸç, ±ÍÂú°í, ÇØ·Ó°í, ÇêµÈ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ±×¸¸ µÎ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
desist from further questioning/ He had made two attempts to shave but his hand had been so unsteady that he had been obliged to desist.

[ÝïÎò] teach, instruct, educate, train, school
teach´Â ¹è¿ì´Â ÀÌ¿¡°Ô Áö½Ä, ¼³¸í, ÈÆ·ÃÀ» ÁÖ°í, ¹è¿ï °Í°ú ¹æ¹ýÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í, ±× °øºÎ¸¦ ÁöµµÇؼ­ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ ¹è¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °­Á¶ÇÑ´Ù.
The older child is teaching the younger one how to read./ teach arithmetic/ Some children learn to read by themselves, but most must be taught.
instruct´Â º¸Åë ¾î´À Ưº°ÇÑ °ú¸ñ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¶Á÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Áö½ÄÀ» ³Ö¾îÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ» °­Á¶ÇÑ´Ù.
She instruct in chemistry.
educate´Â °íµî ±³À° ±â°ü¿¡¼­ Á¤½ÄÀ¸·Î, Á¶Á÷ÀûÀ¸·Î °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î½á °³ÀÎÀÇ ÀáÀçµÈ ´É·Â, Àç´ÉÀ» À̲ø¾î³»¾î ¹ßÀü½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
He was educated in European universities.
trainÀº ¡®ÈÆ·ÃÇÏ´Ù¡¯, ƯÈ÷ Çö´ë ¿ë¹ý¿¡¼­ Á¶Á÷ÀûÀÎ ÈÆ·Ã, ¿¬½À µûÀ§¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼­, ¾î´À Ưº°ÇÑ ´É·ÂÀ̳ª ±â¼úÀ» ¹ß´Þ½ÃŰ°Å³ª ¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ Á÷¾÷¿¡ ÀûÀÀÇϵµ·Ï °¡¸£Ä¡´Â ¶æÀÌ µé¾îÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶÷À̳ª µ¿¹°¿¡°Ôµµ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
train dogs to catch hares/ He was trained as a machine.
schoolÀº educateÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î °¡²û ¾²¿©, Some of them have been schooled at Eton and Harrow.ó·³ Çϱ⵵ ÇÏÁö¸¸, Áö±ÝÀº ÁÖ·Î train°ú °°Àº ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀδÙ. ±×·¯³ª ¶§·Î °Å±â¿¡ °ßµð±â ¾î·Á¿î °ÍÀ» Âü´Â ÈÆ·ÃÀÇ ¶æÀÌ µ¡ºÙ¿© ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
He had to school himself to obedience.

[ÝïÎò] use, employ, utilize, exploit, work
use´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¸»·Î ÇÑ »ç¹°À» ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀ̳ª µµ¿òÀ¸·Î »ï´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
use a pencil(telephone)/ Use your eyes, child! It's right there in front of you!
»ç¶÷¿¡ °üÇØ¼­ ¾²ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â »ç¶÷À» ¼öµ¿ÀûÀÎ ¹°°ÇÀ¸·Î º¸´Â µ¥¼­ ÈçÈ÷ Ä¡¿åÀûÀÎ Àǹ̸¦ °®°í ÀÖ°í À̱âÀûÀ̰í ÈäÇÑ ¶æÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
He's only using you./ He used his brother to advance himself.
µû¶ó¼­ I could use your help this afternoon.À̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ I could use you this afternoon.À̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ÀçÄ¡ Àִ ǥÇöÀÌÁö¸¸, Ä£ÇÑ »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ÈÄÀÚ´Â ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ´ÜÃàÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç ÈçÈ÷ ¡®¼ÒºñÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Îµµ ¾²ÀδÙ.
use eggs in cooking/ All the butter has been used.
¶ÇÇÑ used´Â ¹Ì±¹ »ó¾÷ ¿ë¾î¿¡¼­ secondhand(Çå), worn(³°Àº)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿Ï°î¾î·Î ¾²ÀδÙ.
used books/ Used cars and trucks were being marketed in this fashion.
employ´Â useº¸´Ù´Â ¾à°£ ǰÀ§°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸»·Î, ³î°í ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϰí, »ç¶÷¿¡ °üÇØ¼­ ¾²ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Àϰú ±Þ·á¸¦ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù.
She had employed her leisure in reading every book that came in her way./ employ a vacant lot as a playground/ He employs five mechanics.
use¿Í employ´Â ÈçÈ÷ ¹Ù²î¾î ¾²ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¶æ¿¡ ¾à°£ÀÇ Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¬Àå°ú ¼ö´ÜÀÇ ¶æÀÌ °­ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â use°¡ Áñ°Ü ¾²À̰í, Á¾»ç¡¤¼±Åá¤ÀÌ¿ë µûÀ§ÀÇ ¶æÀÌ °­ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â employ°¡ Áñ°Ü ¾²ÀδÙ.
A writer uses words effectively who knows what ones he should employ in a given context.
utilize´Â ½Ç¿ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Â ÀÌÀÍÀÌ µÇ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϰí, ¾ö¹ÐÇÑ ¶æ¿¡¼­´Â ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ¹«¾ùÀ» ½Ç¿ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Â À¯ÀÍÇÏ°Ô ¾²´Â °ÍÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù.
Well, you'll just have to utilize what's there.
exploit´Â ¡®ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Ù, ÂøÃëÇÏ´Ù¡¯ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ½Ç¿ëÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
He exploited the concession to the last penny.(±×´Â À̱ÇÀ» ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¸Ô¾ú´Ù.)
ƯÈ÷ »ç¶÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¾²ÀÌ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¾ðÁ¦³ª Àڱ⠸ñÀûÀ» À§Çؼ­ À̱âÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
They have exploited that child mercilessly.
work´Â Ÿµ¿»ç·Î ¾ö¹ÐÇÑ ¶æÀº ¡®(¹°°Ç¿¡) ³ë·ÂÀ» µéÀÌ´Ù¡¯(expend labor upon)ÀÌ´Ù.
He worked the soil.(±×´Â ¶¥À» °¥¾Ò´Ù.)/ If the clay is worked in the hands it will soon become soft and malleable.
È®´ëµÈ ¿ë¹ý¿¡¼­´Â ÈçÈ÷ ¿åÇÏ´Â Àǹ̷μ­ÀÇ exploit, utilize¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¿ÀǾî·Î ¾²ÀδÙ.
She's been working him for forty years.

ºÒÇàÁß ´ÙÇàÀÌ´Ù: It could have been worse!

crowd out: ¹Ð¾î³»´Ù.
ex) Evolution cannot perform as in previous ages if natural environments have been crowded out by artificial ones.
(ÀÚ¿¬ ȯ°æÀÌ ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀΠȯ°æ¿¡°Ô ¹Ð·Á³ª°Ô µÈ´Ù¸é °ú°Å¿Í °°Àº ÀÚ¿¬ ÁøÈ­°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.)

ÀÏ¿¡ ³Ê¹« ¿­ÁßÇÏ´Ùº¸´Ï À̰Ϳ¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢À» ¸øÇß´Ù.
I've been so absorbed in my work here I haven't even thought about it.

* work one's way through college : "°íÇÐÀ¸·Î ´ëÇÐÀ» ¸¶Ä¡´Ù"
A : Congratulations on your graduation.
It must have been tough for you to work your way through college.
B : It was, but I managed somehow.

* Everything is up in the air. : "°áÁ¤À» ¾ÆÁ÷ ³»¸®Áö ¸øÇÏ´Ù"
A : I thought you were going to the States this week.
B : The plans have been changed. Everything's up in the air.

my spouse and I have been married for five years.
³ªÀÇ ¹è¿ìÀÚ¿Í ³ª´Â °áÈ¥ÇÑ Áö 5³âÀÌ µÈ´Ù.

How's it going?
How are you today?
How are you doing?
How's everything going?
What's cooking?
¾È³çÇϽʴϱî?
cf) How have you been?
±× µ¿¾È ¾î¶»°Ô Áö³Â½À´Ï±î?
* ¹Ì±¹Àεé°ú ´ëÈ­ÇÒ ¶§´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×µéÀÇ ¾ó±¼À»
¶È¹Ù·Î ÃÄ´Ùº¸´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.

I'll have a crack(try/shot) at it. / I'll try.
-±×·¸°Ô Çϵµ·Ï ÇØº¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.
cf) We are kind of slow these days. ¿ì¸° ¿äÁò ÇѰ¡ÇØ¿ä.
Today is a slow day. ³ª ¿À´Ã ÇѰ¡ÇØ¿ä.
We've been very slow lately. ¿äÁò ¾ÆÁÖ °æ±â°¡ ³ª»Þ´Ï´Ù.

Mr. Probert says Kabul has thousands of homeless people who are living
in buildings that have been damaged or destroyed during fighting with
the Taleban. He says these places do not have any heating or other
services.
ÇÁ·Î¹öÆ® ´ëº¯ÀÎÀº Ä«ºÒ¿¡´Â Å»·¹¹Ý°úÀÇ ÀüÀïÀ¸·Î ÈÑ¼ÕµÇ°í ÆÄ±«µÈ °Ç¹°¿¡¼­
¼ö õ ¸íÀÇ ³ë¼÷ÀÚµéÀÌ ±â°ÅÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Àå¼Ò¿¡´Â
³­¹æÀ̳ª ´Ù¸¥ ¼³ºñ°¡ ÀüÇô ¾ø´Ù°í ÀüÇß´Ù.

Because of the political changes that have been going on in Afghanistan
in recent years, there have been a lot of people returning from other
countries. The refugees that left the country during the war have been
returning. There are other people who have been displaced for other
reasons. We estimate there are something like 17,500 displaced or
returning people in Kabul living in pretty poor conditions and they
are extremely vulnerable.
ÃÖ±Ù ¸î ³â µ¿¾È ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅº¿¡¼­ ÁøÇàµÈ Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ º¯È­·Î ÀÎÇØ, ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶ó¿¡
ÀÖ´Ù°¡ µ¹¾Æ¿À´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸¹¾ÆÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. ÀüÀï ±â°£¿¡ ¾ÆÇÁ°¡´Ï½ºÅºÀ» ¶°³µ´ø
³­¹ÎµéÀÌ µ¹¾Æ¿À°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀ¯µé·Î Ãß¹æµÇ¾ú´ø »ç¶÷µéµµ ÀÖÁÒ.
¿ì¸®´Â ¾à 1¸¸7õ5¹é ¸íÀÇ Ãß¹æÀÚ, ¶Ç´Â Ä«ºí·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Í ±Øºó »óÅ·Π»ýȰÇÏ´Â
»ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, À̵éÀº ´ë´ÜÈ÷ Ãë¾àÇÑ »óÅÂÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

A senior official of the ruling New Korea Party said yesterday
that by giving up an appeal, Chun may wish to 1)enlist sympathy
from the public. ``His moves may have been 2)premeditated to draw
in minds sympathetic to his situation, which in turn could help
3)expedite a possible pardon from the government,'' the official
said.But he said he expects the disgraced former President to
appeal his case to a higher court eventually.
½ÅÇѱ¹´çÀÇ ÇÑ °íÀ§ ´çÁ÷ÀÚ´Â 29ÀÏ 'Àü¾¾°¡ Ç×¼Ò¸¦ Æ÷±âÇÏ·Á´Â °ÍÀº
µ¿Á¤ ¿©·ÐÀ» ¾òÀ¸·Á´Â ¼Ó¼À'À̶ó¸é¼­ 'µ¿Á¤½ÉÀ» ºÒ·¯ ÀÏÀ¸ÄÑ Á¤ºÎÀÇ
»ç¸éÀ» ÇϷ绡¸® ¹Þ¾Æ³¾ °ÍÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·ÎÇÑ °èȹµÈ ÇൿÀÏ °¡´É¼ºµµ Å©
´Ù'°í Ç®ÀÌÇϰí 'ÇÏÁö¸¸, °á±¹Àº Ç×¼ÒÇÏ°Ô µÉ °Í'À¸·Î ³»´ÙºÃ´Ù.
enlist ~ÀÇ ÈûÀ» ºô´Ù,ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Ù.
premeditate ¹Ì¸® ¼÷°íÇÏ´Ù,¹Ì¸® °èȹÇÏ´Ù.
expedite »¡¶óÁö°ÔÇÏ´Ù, ÃËÁøÇÏ´Ù.

``Kim has been justifiably sentenced for his crimes, and he has
served a lengthy part of his term. What we are raising objection
to is whether the Japanese legal authorities have been just in
carrying out the sentence,'' Lee said.
"±èÈñ·Î¾¾´Â ÁöÀºÁË¿¡ ÀÀºÐÇÑ ÇüÀ» ¾ðµµ¹Þ¾Ò°í, »ó´ç ±â°£À» º¹¿ªÇß
´Ù.¿ì¸®°¡ ¿©±â¼­ ÀÌÀǸ¦ Á¦±âÄÚÀÚ ÇÏ´Â Á¡Àº ÀϺ» »ç¹ýºÎÀÇ Çü ÁýÇà
ÀÌ °øÁ¤¼ºÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´À³Ä ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù"¶ó°í À̺¯È£»ç´Â ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.

There have been attempts to free Kim, and Ven. Park Sam-jung at
Chabi Temple has been a constant force behind the move to have
Kim pardoned or released. In 1993, many had speculated that Kim
might be pardoned in time with the wedding ceremony of Japan's
Crown Prince Naruhito.
±èÈñ·Î¾¾¸¦ ¼®¹æ½Ã۱â À§ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀº °è¼Ó ÀÖ¾î¿Ô´Ù. ÀÚºñ»ç(í±ÝèÞÑ)
ÁÖÁö ¹Ú»ïÁß½º´ÔÀº ±è¾¾ÀÇ »ç¸é,¼®¹æ ¿îµ¿¿¡ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Èû½á¿ÔÀ¸¸ç
Áö³­ 93³â¿¡´Â ¿Õ¼¼ÀÚ ³ª·çÈ÷ÅäÀÇ È¥ÀνÄÀ» ¸Â¾Æ ±è¾¾°¡ »ç¸éµÇ¸®¶ó´Â
ÃßÃøÀÌ ¹«¼ºÇϱ⵵ Çß´Ù.

``During the regular session, our party will try and have
political morality restored, which has been impaired by the
ruling party's systematic rigging in the April vote,'' said Rep.
Park Sang-cheon, the main opposition party's floor leader.
±¹¹ÎȸÀÇ ¹Ú»óõ Ãѹ«´Â " ¿ì¸® ´çÀº À̹ø ȸ±â µ¿¾È, Á¤ºÎ¿©´çÀÌ Áö
³­ 4¿ù ÃѼ±¿¡¼­ ü°èÀûÀÎ ºÎÁ¤ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÀÚÇàÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¼Õ»óÀ» ÀÔ°ÔµÈ Á¤
Ä¡Àû µµ´ö¼ºÀ» ȸº¹Å° À§ÇØ ³ë·ÂÇÒ °Í"À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

Samsung's latest interactive TV, into which a 33,600 bps modem
and Web Browser have been built, was developed by 20 researchers
over two years at a total cost of 2 billion won, a company
spokesman said.
3¸¸3õ6¹ébps±Þ ¸ðµ©°ú ÀÎÅÍ³Ý °Ë»ö¿ë À¥ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¸¦ ÀåÂøÇÑ »ï¼ºÀÇ
ÃÖ½ÅÇü ÀÎÅÍ·¢Æ¼ºê TVÀÎ ÀÌ Á¦Ç°Àº 20¸íÀÇ ¿¬±¸ÁøµéÀÌ 2³â¿©¿¡ °ÉÃÄ
20¾ï¿øÀ» µé¿© °³¹ßÇß´Ù°í ȸ»çÃøÀº ¸»Çß´Ù.

``Both students and professors have been suffering irrevocable
consequences of the Hanchongnyon incident which has eroded
confidence between them,'' a professor at Korea University said
yesterday.
°í·Á´ëÀÇ ÇÑ ±³¼ö´Â "Çлý-±³¼ö »çÀÌÀÇ ½Å·Ú¸¦ Çã¹°¾î¶ß¸° ÇÑÃÑ·Ã »ç
Å·Π¾çÃø ¸ðµÎ µ¹ÀÌų ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¾ÆÇÄÀ» °Þ°í ÀÖ´Ù"°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

The commentators say a shift in student movement will be
inevitable starting next year on the ground that many
Hanchongnyon hard-liners have been arrested or cannot appear in
public as they have been sought by police.
ÇÑÃѷó» °ú°ÝÁÖÀÇÀÚÀÇ ±¸¼Ó°ú °æÂûÀÇ ¼ö¹è·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÁöµµºÎÀÇ ÀáÀûµî
À¸·Î Çлý¿îµ¿±ÇÀº ³»³âÀ» ±âÁ¡À¸·Î ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÑ º¯È­¸¦ ¸ÂÀÌÇÏ°Ô µÉ °Í
À̶ó´Â ÁöÀûÀÌ´Ù.

``The case must have been serious in light of press reports and
the opposition's offensive,'' said Rep. Kang Sam-jae,
secretary-general of the ruling party.
½ÅÇѱ¹´ç °­»ïÀç »ç¹«ÃÑÀåÀº "¾ð·Ð º¸µµ¿Í ¾ß´çÀÇ °ø¼¼·Î ºñÃß¾î º¼
¶§ ¹®Á¦°¡ ´Ù¼Ò ½É°¢ÇÏ´Ù"°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

The number of North Korean defectors increased as Pyongyang's
chronic food shortages have been notably aggravated by severe
flood damage for the last two consecutive years, said an official
from the Ministry of National Unification.
ÅëÀÏ¿ø °ü°èÀÚ´Â "Å»ºÏÀÚ ¼ö°¡ ´Ã¾î³­ °ÍÀº Áö³­ 2³â ¿¬¼Ó À̾îÁø ½É
°¢ÇÑ È«¼ö ÇÇÇØ·Î °íÁúÀû ½Ä·® ºÎÁ·Çö»óÀÌ ´õ¿í ¾ÇÈ­µÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®"À̶ó
°í ¹àÇû´Ù.

The submarine was found stranded on a reef and sand, just 20
meters off a beach, at around 2 a.m. Wednesday. The North Koreans
soon escaped into the nearby mountains, and most of them have
been killed or captured.
Àá¼öÇÔÀº 18ÀÏ ¿ÀÀü 2½ÃÂë ÇØ¾È¿¡¼­ ºÒ°ú 20m ¶³¾îÁø °÷¿¡¼­ ÁÂÃʵÈ
ä ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ħÅõ°£Ã¸µéÀº Áï½Ã Àα٠»ê¾ÇÁö¿ªÀ¸·Î µµÁÖ, ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ
»ç»ì,üÆ÷µÇ¾ú´Ù.

The incident marks the first time a South Korean diplomat
assigned abroad has been killed, though there have been several
occasions of kidnapping or assault.
°ú°Å ¼öÂ÷·Ê¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ³³Ä¡³ª ½À°ÝÀº ÀÖ¾î¿ÔÀ¸³ª Çѱ¹ ¿Ü±³°üÀÌ ÇØ¿Ü¿¡
¼­ ÇÇ»ìµÇ±â´Â À̹øÀÌ Ã³À½ÀÌ´Ù.

Some, however, are so famous that they are known to everyone
and have even been passed into proverbial speech.
±×·¯³ª ¾î¶² °ÍµéÀº ³Ê¹«³ª À¯¸íÇØ¼­ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Ë°í
³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁø Ç¥ÇöÀÌ µÇ±â±îÁö Çß´Ù.

Almost reliving the story as he retells it,
µÇÇ®ÀÌÇÏ´Â À̾߱⸦ °ÅÀÇ À翬Çϸ鼭
he repeats what he said immediately afteward:
»ìÀÎÀ» ÀúÁö¸£°í³ª¼­ ÇÑ ¸»À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù:
"Well, you know what you can do with your pipe dream now, you damned bitch.
" "ÀÚ, ÇãȲµÈ ²ÞÀÇ °á°ú°¡ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÎÁö ÀÌÁ¦ ¾Ë°ÚÁö, ¸ÁÇÒ ³â¾Æ.
" Staggered to discover the truth, Hickey says he must have been insane.
»ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°í ¸Á¿¬ÀÚ½ÇÇØÁø È÷Ű´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ½Ç¼ºÀ» Çß¾ú´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
The others eagerly accept this explanation,
for it frees them from his accusations.
¸ðµÎ°¡ ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ·± ¼³¸íÀ» ±â²¨ÀÌ ¹Þ¾Æµå¸°´Ù.
±×°ÍÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ºñ³­À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×µéÀ» ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ÇØÁֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

Since efforts have been made to influence the jury
(the local clergy take the lead in this piece of corruption)
¹è½É¿øµé¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Â ³ë·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡
(±×°÷ ¸ñ»ç°¡ ÀÌ·± Ÿ¶ôÀûÀÎ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÁÖµµÇÑ´Ù),
there is a good chance that Julien may be acquitted.
ÁÙ¸®¾ÓÀÌ ¹«ÁËÆÇ°áÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù.

In embarrassment, he confesses to the mayor what
his suspicions have been, and offers to resign, but the offer
is not accepted.
´çȲÇÑ ±×(ÀÚº£¸£)´Â ½ÃÀå¿¡°Ô ±×°¡ ÀǽÉÇß´ø °ÍÀ»
°í¹éÇÏ°í »çÀÓÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀº ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

Frollo's chief act of humanity has been to adopt and raise
from childhood a boy
ÇÁ·Ñ·ÎÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ÀεµÀû ÇàÀ§´Â ¾î¸° ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ ÇÑ ¼Ò³âÀ» ÀÔ¾çÇÏ¿©
±â¸¥ °ÍÀ̾ú´Âµ¥
who, sixteen years before, was exposed outside the cathedral in the hope
that some charitable person would have pity on the abandoned child.
±× ¾ÆÀÌ´Â 16³â Àü, ÀÚºñ·Î¿î »ç¶÷ÀÌ ±â¾Æ(Ñ¥ä®)¿¡°Ô µ¿Á¤ÇØÁֱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ó¸ç
´ë¼º´ç¹Û¿¡ ¹ö·ÁÁ³´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

In the confused chase that follows, they find their way to the Place de Greve,
the very spot where Esmeralda was to have been hanged.
À̾îÁö´Â È¥¶õÇÑ ÃßÀû Áß¿¡, ±×µéÀº ±×·¹ºê ÇÁ¶ó½º·Î °¡´Âµ¥,
±×°÷Àº ¹Ù·Î ¿¡½º¸Þ¶ö´Ù°¡ ±³¼öÇü¿¡ Ã³ÇØÁú ÁöÁ¡ÀÌ´Ù.

He believes that men are divided into two classes:
Àΰ£Àº µÎ °èÃþÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁø´Ù°í ±×´Â »ý°¢Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù:
the ordinary herd, for whose guidance moral laws have been
devised, and the exceptional men, like Caesar or Napoleon, who
make their own laws.
Æò¹üÇÑ ´ëÁßÀÌ Àִµ¥ ±×µéÀ» ÁöµµÇϱâ À§ÇØ µµ´ö·üÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³°í,
½ÃÀú³ª ³ªÆú·¹¿Â °°Àº ¿¹¿ÜÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Àִµ¥ ±×µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¹ý·üÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.

The workers are at a disadvantage,
±Ù·ÎÀÚµéÀº ºÒ¸®ÇÑ ÀÔÀå¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù,
for their resources have been depleted by a bitter winter,
Ȥµ¶ÇÑ °Ü¿ï·Î ±×µéÀÇ ÀÚ¿øÀÌ °í°¥µÇ¾ú°í
and the employers take the opportunity to crush the whole movement
with one blow by declaring a general lockout covering all factories in the city.
°í¿ëÁÖµéÀº µµ½Ã¿¡ ¸ðµç °øÀåÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â Àü¸éÀû Æó¼â¸¦ ¼±¾ðÇÏ¿©
Àϰݿ¡ ¸ðµç ³ëµ¿¿îµ¿À» ºÐ¼âÇÏ·ÁÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

The boys awaken, and Happy tells his older brother that
their father has been acting more and more irrational.
¾ÆµéµéÀÌ ÀáÀ» ±ü´Ù. ÇØÇÇ´Â Çü¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ Á¡Á¡ ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ô ÇൿÇÑ´Ù´Â ¸»À» ÇÑ´Ù.
Biff determines to get a good job, settle down, and help his father,
ºñÇÁ´Â ÁÁÀº ÀÏÀÚ¸®¸¦ ¾ò¾î ¾ÈÁ¤Çؼ­ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ µµ¿ì·Á°í °á½ÉÇÑ´Ù,
and in seconds the two brothers have dreamed up a magnificent plan
for selling sports equipment.
¼ø°£ÀûÀ¸·Î µÎ ÇüÁ¦´Â ½ºÆ÷Ã÷ Àåºñ¸¦ ÆÇ¸ÅÇÏ´Â ¸ÚÁø °èȹÀ» ¼¼¿î´Ù.

I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple.
¾ÖÇÿ¡¼­ ÇØ°í´çÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é, ÀÌ·± ¾öû³­ ÀϵéÀ» °ÞÀ» ¼öµµ ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù
It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.
Á¤¸» µ¶ÇÏ°í ¾²µð ¾´ ¾àÀ̾úÁö¸¸, ÀÌ°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÑ È¯ÀÚµµ Àִ°¡º¾´Ï´Ù.

I want my cat spayed.
¿ì¸® °í¾çÀÌ ºÒÀÓ¼ö¼úÀ» ½ÃŰ·Á°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Âü°í·Î, ºÒÀÓ¼ö¼úÀº ¾ÏÄÚ¾çÀÌÀÇ °æ¿ì spay¸¦ ¾²°í,
¼öÄÚ¾çÀÌÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â I want my cat neutered.
-
to play cat and mouse´Â ±â¾ï³ª½ÃÁÒ? (mouseÆíÀ» Âü°íÇϼ¼¿ä)
cat and mouse¶ó°í Çϸé
Áã¿Í °í¾çÀÌó·³ ÇÑ ÂÊÀÌ ÀϹæÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¼¼ÇÑ °ü°è¸¦ ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
It's a real game of cat and mouse
between the multinationals and the small independent companies.
±×°ÍÀº °í¾çÀÌ¿Í Á㠽οòÀÌ´Ù.
±¹Á¦ÀûÀΠȸ»ç¿Í ÀÛÀº µ¶¸³ ȸ»çÀÇ
-
While the cat's away, the mice will play.´Â °í¾çÀ̰¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ÁãµéÀÌ ¼³Ä£´Ù
Áï Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ±× ¹Ø¿¡¼­ ÀÏÇÏ´ø »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °ÔÀ»·¯Áö±â ¸¶·ÃÀÌ´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÁÒ.
-
Cat got your tongue?À̶ó°í Çϸé '°í¾çÀ̰¡ Çô¸¦ ä °¬³Ä'´Ï±î'
¿Ö ¸»ÀÌ ¾ø´Ï? ²Ü ¸ÔÀº º¡¾î¸®´Ï?
Why aren't you answering me? Cat got your tongue?
¿Ö ´ë´äÀ» ¾È ÇÏ´Â °Å´Ï? ²Ü ¸ÔÀº º¡¾î¸®¾ß?
-
to let the cat out of the bagÀ̶ó°í Çϸé ÀÚ·ç¿¡¼­ °í¾çÀ̸¦ Ç®¾î ³õ´ÙÀ̹ǷÎ
ºñ¹ÐÀ» Åоî³õ´ÙÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ºñ½ÁÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î to spill the beans Áï ÀÚ·ç ¼ÓÀÇ ÄáÀ» ½ñ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ï±î ºñ¹ÐÀÌ »õ´Ù
He let the cat out of the bag when he mentioned the party to her
- it was supposed to be a surprise.
±×´Â ºñ¹ÐÀ» ´©¼³ÇÏ¿´´Ù ±×³à¿¡°Ô ÆÄƼ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»ÇßÀ» ¶§,
±× ÆÄƼ´Â ±ô¦ ÆÄƼÀ̱â·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú±â¿¡
-
ºñ¹ÐÀÇ ¼Ó¼ºÀº ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ °¡µÎ¾î ³õ´Â °ÍÀÌÁÒ.
±×·¡¼­ ºñ¹ÐÀ» ÁöŰ´Ù¶ó°í ÇÏ¸é °¡µÎ¾î ³õ´Ù´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ¾¹´Ï´Ù.
to keep ¡­ under your hatÀº ¸ðÀÚ ¼Ó¿¡ ¼û±â´Â °ÍÀ̴ϱî
to keep ¡­ in the bagÀº ÀÚ·ç ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̴ϱî
to button one's lipÀº ÀÔ¼úÀ» ´ÜÃ߷Πä¿ì´Â °ÍÀ̴ϱî
one's lips are sealed.¶ó°í ÇÏ¸é ¡­ÀÇ ÀÔ¼úÀ» ºÀÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ï±î ºñ¹Ð·Î ÇÏ´Ù
-
a cat on a hot tin roof´Â
¶ß°Å¿î ¾çö(tin) ÁöºØ(roof) À§ÀÇ °í¾çÀ̹ǷΠºÒ¾ÈÇÑ »ç¶÷
She's been like a cat on a hot tin roof ever since she heard he's back in town.
-
something the cat dragged in˼
°í¾çÀ̰¡ ²ø°í µé¾î¿Â °ÍÀÌ´Ï±î ¾û¸ÁÀ̰í ÁöÀúºÐÇÑ °Í
You look like something the cat brought in-go and have a bath.
³Ê Á¤¸» ¾û¸ÁÀ̱¸³ª-°¡¼­ ¸ñ¿å Á» ÇØ.

One slipper was nowhere to be found; the other had
been laid hold of by an urchin, and off he ran with it;
he thought it would do capitally for a cradle when
he some day or other should have children himself.
½Å¹ß ÇѦÀº ¾Æ¹«µ¥¿¡¼­µµ ãÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥
ÇѦÀº ¾î´À °³±¸ÀïÀÌ ¼Ò³âÀÌ Àâ¾Æ¼­ ±×°ÍÀ» °®°í µµ¸ÁÃÄ
¹ö·È½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×´Â ¾ðÁ¨°¡ ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ °¡Á³À»
¶§, ¿ä¶÷À» ¸ÚÁö°Ô Àå½Ä ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °Å¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇßÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Amnesty in international law is an act of effacing and forgetting
past offenses granted by the government to persons who have been
guilty of neglect or crime.
±¹Á¦¹ý»ó »ç¸éÀº °ú½ÇÀ̳ª ¹üÁ˸¦ ÀúÁö¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ °ú°Å Á˸¦ ¸»¼ÒÇÒ °ÍÀ»
Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§ÀÌ´Ù.
Amnesty differs from pardon in that amnesty causes the crime
to be forgotten, whereas pardon, given after a conviction,
exempt the criminal from further punishment.
À̰ÍÀº ¸éÁ˿ʹ ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀε¥, »ç¸éÀ̶õ ÁË ÀÚü¸¦ ¸éÇØ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸
¸éÁË´Â À¯ÁË ÆÇ°á ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ÇüÀ» ¸éÁ¦ÇØÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Amnesty is usually granted to a person or a group of persons
in order to reinstate them.
»ç¸éÀº ÁÖ·Î °³ÀÎÀ̳ª Áý´ÜÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ º¹±Ç½Ãų ¶§ ÇàÇØÁø´Ù.

For years, only NSI was allowed to register domain names,
but with the establishment of ICANN and the U.S.
government's desire to open the market to competition,
nearly 100 companies have been approved to accept
registrations. But NSI continues to maintain the
master list of who owns which domain names.
¸î ³â µ¿¾ÈÀº Network Solutions¸¸ÀÌ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸íÀ» µî·ÏÇÒ
¼ö ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸ ICANNÀÇ ¼³¸³°ú µµ¸ÞÀÎ µî·Ï ½ÃÀåÀ» °æÀïüÁ¦·Î
°³¹æÇÏ·Á´Â ¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎÀÇ Á¤Ã¥¿¡ µû¶ó °ÅÀÇ 100°³ ȸ»çµéÀÌ
µµ¸ÞÀÎ µî·ÏÀ» Á¢¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ½ÂÀÎÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
±×·¯³ª Network Solutions´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ´©°¡ ¾î¶² µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸íÀ»
°¡Áö°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇÙ½É ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ º¸À¯Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

Still, this is first time an entire class of names has
been revoked. Until now, most revocations have occurred
when administrative problems arose and a domain was
registered to more than one person.
µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸íÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ ºÎ·ù Àüü°¡ ¸»¼ÒµÇ±â´Â À̹øÀÌ Ã³À½ÀÌ´Ù.
Áö±Ý±îÁö ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ µî·Ï Ãë¼Ò´Â °ü¸®»óÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇϰųª
ÇѰ³ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ÇѸí ÀÌ»ó¿¡ ÀÇÇØ µî·ÏµÈ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ³´Ù.

During the past few months, the former presidents have been allowed
complete freedom to defend themselves with their lawyers sometimes
reading extremely lengthy arguments. These latest moves in fact are
construed to be an attempt to delay the trial and obtain the release of
the indictees upon the expiration of the six-month legal detention
period.
Áö³­ ¼ö°³¿ù µ¿¾È, µÎ ÀüÁ÷ ´ëÅë·ÉµéÀº ÀڽŵéÀ» º¯È£Çϴµ¥ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀÚ
À¯¸¦ ´©·Á ¿Ô´Âµ¥ À̵éÀÇ º¯È£ÀεéÀº ¶§·Î´Â ±ØÈ÷ Àå¹®ÀÇ º¯·ÐÀ» Àü°³Çϱâ
µµ Çß´Ù. À̵éÀÇ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ÇàÀ§´Â ½ÇÀº ÀçÆÇÀ» Áö¿¬½ÃÄÑ 6°³¿ùÀÇ ¹ýÁ¤ ±¸¼Ó
±â°£ ¸¸·á·Î ÇǰíÀεéÀÇ ¼®¹æÀ» ¾ò¾î³»·Á´Â ¼úÃ¥À¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ
construe : ..ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ÃëÇÏ´Ù, ÇØ¼®ÇÏ´Ù, ÃßÃøÇÏ´Ù
indictee : Çǰí¼ÒÀÚ, Çǰí
expiration : ¸¸±â
detention : ±¸¼Ó, ¾ï·ù

Sexual harassment or violence is an ever-present issue in Korean
society and elsewhere in the world. But a recent series of rape cases
involving teenagers have been grave enough to attract our special concern.
¼ºÈñ·Õ ȤÀº Æø·ÂÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¿Ü±¹¿¡¼­¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î Çѱ¹ »çȸ¿¡¼­ Ç×»ó ÀÖ
¾î ¿Â ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÃÖ±Ù ½Ê´ëµéÀÌ °ü·ÃµÈ °è¼ÓµÇ´Â ¼ºÆø·Â »ç°ÇµéÀº
¿ì¸®°¡ Ưº°ÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» ±â¿ïÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾øµµ·Ï ½É°¢ÇÑ ¼öÁØ¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù.
harassment : ±âÇÕ, °íÅë, À§Çù
violence : Æø·Â

In one disturbing incident, a 15-year-old middle school girl gave birth
to a child after going into labor in the classroom. She was belatedly
found to have been raped on her way home from school. In other cases,
an 11-year-old girl was raped continuously by at least 11 men who
lived in her neighborhood and a 14-year-old girl was repeatedly raped
by her landlord and his son.
ÇÑ ¾î󱸴Ͼø´Â »ç°ÇÀ¸·Î, 15¼¼ÀÇ ¿©ÁßÇлýÀÌ ±³½Ç¿¡¼­ ÁøÅëÈÄ ¾Æ±â¸¦


ÀÚ·á°¡ 1000¶óÀÎÀÌ ³Ñ¾î Àß¶ú½À´Ï´Ù.
°Ë»öÀº 175 °Ç, ÃÑ 1000 ¶óÀÎÀÇ ÀÚ·á°¡ Ãâ·ÂµÈ »óÅ¿¡¼­ ÁߴܵǾú½À´Ï´Ù.    ¸ÇÀ§·Î
(È­¸é ¾îµð¼­³ª Alt+Z : ´Ü¾î ÀçÀÔ·Â.)
(³»¿ë Áß °Ë»öÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº ´Ü¾î°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ±× ´Ü¾î¸¦ ´õºíŬ¸¯Çϼ¼¿ä.)
    

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