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early years

´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼­ Ã£±â  ³×À̹ö»çÀü ´ÙÀ½»çÀü Cambridge M-W M-W Thesaurus OneLook Wordnet Google


Because some critics considered it decadent, subversive, and
incomprehensible, abstract art encountered much opposition in its early
years.
¾î¶² ºñÆò°¡µéÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ» ºÎÆÐÇϰí, ÆÄ±«ÀûÀ̸ç, ³­ÇØÇÏ´Ù°í °£ÁÖÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡,
Ã߻󿹼úÀº ±× ÃÊâ±â¿¡ ¸¹Àº ¹Ý´ë¿¡ Á÷¸éÇß´Ù.

The early years of the United States government were characterized by a debate
concerning whether the federal government or individual states should have
more power.
¹Ì±¹Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÃÊâ±â´Â, <¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ°¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº ±ÇÇÑÀ» °¡Áú °ÍÀÎÁö ¾Æ´Ï¸é °¢°¢ÀÇ
ÁÖÁ¤ºÎ°¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº ±ÇÇÑÀ» °¡Áú °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ °üÇÑ ³íÀï>À» ±× ÇϳªÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À¸·Î °¡Áø´Ù.

(2) ¿ì¸®µé Çѱ¹ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â ÀÚ¶ûÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ¿ª»çÀû ¾÷ÀûÀÌ ¸¹´Ù. ±â³×½ººÏÀ» µé¿©´Ùº¸¸é À̸¦ µÞ¹ÞħÇÏ´Â Áõ°Å¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Àμâ·Î ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é Çѱ¹¿¡¼­´Â ±Ý¼ÓȰÀÚÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ À¯·´º¸´Ù 50³â ¾Õ¼¹´Ù. ±Ý¼ÓȰÀÚ´Â 12¼¼±â¸» ¶Ç´Â 13¼¼±âÃÊÂë¿¡ ¹ß¸íµÇ¾ú´Ù.
¡æ ¿ª»çÀû ¾÷Àû: historical achievement(s)
¡æ ±â³×½ººÏ: the Guinness Book of Records
¡æ ±â³×½ººÏÀ» µé¿©´Ù º¸¸é ¡¦Áõ°Å¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù: One can look in the Guinness Book of Records for evidence of this.
¡æ ¡¦·Î ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é: speaking of¢¦
¡æ ±Ý¼ÓȰÀÚ: metal (printing) type
¡æ 12¼¼±â¸» ¶Ç´Â 13¼¼±âÃÊ: something during the late 12th century or early 13th century
ANS) There are many historical achievements of which we Koreans are proud. One can look in the Guinness Book of Records for evidence of this. Speaking of printing, the use of metal type in Korea started 50 years earlier than in Europe. Metal printing type was invented something during the late 12th century or early 13th century.

The government should enforce provisions governing early exemptions and the
physical examinations required for military service. Over the past 20 years,
provisions for physical examinations have changed 11 times.
It is clearly the responsibility of the Ministry of National Defence that the
absurdity surrounding the examinations does not reoccur.
ÀÌ·± º´¹« ºñ¸®¸¦ ¸·ÀÚ¸é ¹°·Ð ÀǺ´Á¦´ë¿Í ½Åü°Ë»ç µîÀÇ °ü·Ã±ÔÁ¤À» °­È­Çϰí
´õ¿í Åõ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¹Ù²ã¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª Áö³­ 20³âµ¿¾È ±ºÀÇ ½Åü°Ë»ç ±ÔÁ¤ÀÌ 11¹ø º¯°æµÆ´Âµ¥µµ ½Å°ËÀ» µÑ·¯½Ñ
¶È°°Àº º´¹« ºñ¸®°¡ ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â °ÍÀº 1Â÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ±¹¹æºÎÀÇ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ´Ù.

franchise »ç¿ë±Ç, µ¶Á¡ÆÇ¸Å±Ç, ¼±°Å±Ç (right granted by authority; right to
vote; license to sell a product in a particular territory)
The city issue a franchise to the company to operate surface transit lines on
the streets for 99 years ; For most of American history women lacked the right
to vote: not until the early twentieth century was the franchise granted to
women ; Stan owns a Carvel's ice cream franchise in Chinatown

Although he speaks with sentimental fondness of his early years of poverty and struggle, I am quite sure that he has no desire to return to the impecunious status of his youth.
±×´Â °¡³­°ú °í»ýÀÇ ¾î¸° ½ÃÀýÀ» °¨»óÀûÀΠȣ°¨À» °®°í¼­ À̾߱âÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾î¸° ½ÃÀýÀÇ °¡³­ÇÑ »óÅ·ΠµÇµ¹¾Æ°¡°í ½ÍÀº »ý°¢Àº ¾ø´Ù°í ³ª´Â È®½ÅÇÑ´Ù.

The jobs that most companies are doing with information today would have been impossible several years ago.
At that time, getting rich information was very expensive,
and the tools for analyzing it weren't even available until the early 1990s.
But now the tools of the digital age give us a way to easily get, share, and act on information in new ways.
¿À´Ã³¯ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ È¸»çµéÀÌ Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀº ¸î ³âÀü¿¡´Â ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±× ´ç½Ã¿¡, dzºÎÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò´Â °ÍÀº ºñ¿ëÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ µé¾úÀ¸¸ç
±×°ÍÀ» ºÐ¼®Çϱâ À§ÇÑ µµ±¸µµ 1990³â´ë ÃʱîÁö´Â ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼öÁ¶Â÷ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
±×·¯³ª Áö±Ý µðÁöÅÐ ½Ã´ëÀÇ µµ±¸´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô »õ·Î¿î ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î Á¤º¸¸¦ ½±°Ô ¾ò°í, °øÀ¯ÇÏ°í ±×¸®°í ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇØ ÁØ´Ù.

Laboratory experiments performed decades ago, are now considered unethical and inhumane.
Past experiments included keeping baby monkeys from being touched by their mothers.
Without touching, the babies became unemotional and failed to progress.
Deprived of their mothers, they did not explore, as young primates normally do.
For humans, insufficient touching in early years can have lifelong results.
Research indicates, in touching cultures, adult aggression is low, whereas in cultures where touch is limited, adult aggression is high.
Studies of a variety of cultures show a correspondence between high rates of physical affection in childhood and low rates of adult physical violence.
¼ö½Ê ³â Àü ¼öÇàµÈ ½ÇÇè½Ç ¿¬±¸°¡ Áö±ÝÀº ºñÀ±¸®ÀûÀÌ°í ºñÀΰ£ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î °£Áֵǰí ÀÖ´Ù.
°ú°ÅÀÇ ½ÇÇèÀº »õ³¢ ¿ø¼þÀ̸¦ ¾î¹Ì¿ÍÀÇ Á¢ÃËÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ÜÀý½ÃŰ´Â °Íµµ Æ÷ÇÔÇß´Ù.
Á¢ÃËÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´õ´Ï »õ³¢´Â °¨Á¤ÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁö°í ¼ºÀåÀ» ¸øÇß´Ù.
¾î¹Ì¸¦ »©¾Ñ±ä »õ³¢´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¸° ¿µÀå·ù¿Í °°Àº Á¤»óÀûÀÎ °úÁ¤À» °ÅÄ¡Áö ¸øÇß´Ù.
¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î ¾î¸° ½ÃÀýÀÇ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Á¢ÃËÀº Æò»ý À̾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Á¢ÃËÀÇ ¹®È­ ¼Ó¿¡¼­´Â ¾î¸¥ÀÇ °ø°Ý¼ºÀÌ ³·À¸³ª, Á¢ÃËÀÌ Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¹®È­ ¼Ó¿¡¼­´Â ¾î¸¥ÀÇ °ø°Ý¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.
´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹®È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â ¾Æµ¿±âÀÇ ½ÅüÀûÀÎ ¾ÖÁ¤À» ¹ÞÀº Ƚ¼ö°¡ ¸¹À¸¸é ¼ºÀα⿡ Æø·Â »ç¿ë ºóµµ°¡ ³·°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª »óÈ£ °ü·Ã¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

There is little doubt that early people passed family beliefs from one generation to another by telling stories.
We call this storytelling oral history because older members of families told younger members about their memories by talking about events in the past.
It is possible that some of our favorite legends began as stories thousands of years ago, but we have no written proof that this is so.
If we say that history began with writing, then history is only about 6,000 years old.
That is when the umerians in Mesopotamia began keeping records, using symbols on clay tablets.
¼±»ç½Ã´ë »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¾Á·½Å¾ÓÀ» ±¸ÀüÀ¸·Î ¼¼´ë¿¡¼­ ¼¼´ë·Î ÀüÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀǽÉÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
°ú°ÅÀÇ »ç°Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¿¬ÀåÀÚ°¡ ÀþÀº »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸»À» ÇØ¼­ ÀüÇØÁá±â ¶§¹®¿¡ À̰ÍÀ» ±¸Àü ¿ª»ç¶ó ºÎ¸¥´Ù.
¿ì¸®°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² Àü¼³µéÀº ¼öõ ³â Àü¿¡ À̾߱â·Î ½ÃÀ۵ǾúÁö¸¸ ±×·¸´Ù°í ¾²ÀÎ Áõ°Å´Â ¾ø´Ù.
¸¸¾à ¿ª»ç°¡ ±â·Ï°ú ÇÔ²² ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿ª»ç´Â ´ÜÁö 6,000³â¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±× ¶§ºÎÅÍ ¸Þ¼ÒÆ÷Ÿ¹Ì¾Æ ¼ö¸Þ¸£ ÀεéÀÌ Á¡ÅäÆÇ¿¡ ±âÈ£¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ±â·ÏÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.

If you want to make good use of your time, you've got to know what's most important and then give it all you've got.
¸¸¾à ´ç½ÅÀÌ ½Ã°£À» Àß È°¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é ´ç½ÅÀº ¹«¾ùÀÌ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑÁö ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ°í ±×¸®°í ±×°Í¿¡ ´ç½ÅÀÌ °¡Áø ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÅõÀÚÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
That's another lesson I learned at Lehigh.
±×°ÍÀº ³»°¡ Lehigh¿¡¼­ ¹è¿î ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ ±³ÈÆÀÌ´Ù.
I might have had five classes the next day, including an oral quiz where I didn't want to look stupid, so I had to prepare.
³ª´Â ´ÙÀ½³¯ ±¸µÎ ½ÃÇèÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© 5½Ã°£ÀÇ ¼ö¾÷ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
±¸µÎ½ÃÇè¿¡¼­ ¹Ùº¸½º·´°Ô º¸ÀÌ°í ½ÍÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í ±×·¡¼­ ³ª´Â ÁغñÇØ¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù.
Anyone who wants to become a problem-solver in business has to learn fairly early how to establish priorities.
´©±¸µç »ç¾÷¿¡¼­ ¹®Á¦ ÇØ°á»ç°¡ µÇ±â¸¦ ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é ÀÏ¿¡ ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§¸¦ Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀ» ¾ÆÁÖ ÀÏÂï ¹è¿ö¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
Of course, the time frame is a little different.
¹°·Ð, ½Ã°£ÀÇ Æ²Àº ´Ù¼Ò Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
In college I had to figure out what I could accomplish in one evening.
In business the time frame is more like three months to three years.
´ëÇÐ ´Ù´Ò ¶§´Â ÇÏ·íÀú³á¿¡ ÇØ¾ßÇÒ °ÍÀ» »êÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸ »ç¾÷¿¡ À־´Â 3°³¿ù¿¡¼­ 3³â¿¡ ´õ¿í °¡±õ´Ù.

Instead of returning to Chambre 15, the room he has occupied during
his weekly visits to his parliamentary district for the past 35 years,
he had wandered into a small thicket of journalists in the hotel
dining room who were waiting for the early projections from sample
precincts.
±×´Â 15È£½Ç·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡Áö ¾Ê°í(ÀÌ ¹æÀº Áö³­ 35³â µ¿¾È ±×°¡ ¸ÅÁÖ ±×ÀÇ
ÀÇȸ¼±°Å±¸¸¦ ¹æ¹®ÇÒ ¶§¿¡ µé·¶´ø ¹æÀ̾ú´Ù), ¹èȸÇÏ´Ù°¡ È£ÅÚ ½Ä´ç
¾È¿¡ ¸î¸î ±âÀÚµéÀÌ ¸ô·Á ÀÖ´Â °÷À¸·Î °¬´Âµ¥, À̵éÀº Ç¥º» ¼±°Å±¸·ÎºÎÅÍ
Ãʱ⠰³Ç¥°á°ú¿¡ ±Ù°Å¸¦ µÐ ¼±°Å°á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹º¸¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

An estimated 25 million Americans have dvslexia, a condition that has been
detectable for years by a battery of tests. Dyslectics, who are often lefthanded
or ambidextrous, tend to reverse letters (b for d), twist words (was for saw),
confuse ```word order (please up hurry), subtract from left to right, or
have difficulty
with sequential thinking. Despite these problems, they may be intellectually
brilliant, with oral skills so keen they are able to bluff their way through
early grades. Dyslectics can become high achievers like Edison, Einstein,
General Patton, Nelson Rockefeller and Bruce Jenner. But they are often
misdiagnosed as retarded or emotionally disturbed.
2500¸¸¸íÀ¸·Î Ãß»êµÇ´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ ÀбâÀå¾Ö¸¦ °®°í Àִµ¥, ÀÌ Áõ¼¼´Â
¼ö³â µ¿¾È ¿©·¯°¡Áö ½ÃÇè¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀбâÀå¾ÖÀÚµéÀº, ÈçÈ÷
¿Þ¼ÕÀâÀ̰ųª ¾ç¼ÕÀâÀ̵éÀε¥, ±ÛÀÚ¸¦ µÚÁý¾î¼­ Àаųª(d¸¦ b·Î), ´Ü¾î¸¦
°Å²Ù·Î Àаųª(saw¸¦ was·Î), ¾î¼øÀ» È¥µ¿Çϰųª(please hurry upÀ»
please up hurry·Î), (³»¸®) »¬¼ÀÀ» ¿ÞÂÊ¿¡¼­ ¿À¸¥ÂÊÀ¸·Î ÇØ³ª°¡°Å³ª,
Â÷·ÊÂ÷·Ê µûÁ®³ª°¡´Â »ç°í¿¡ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Þ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡¿¡µµ
ºÒ±¸Çϰí, À̵éÀº ÁöÀûÀ¸·Î ¶Ù¾î³ª¸ç, ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÀçÁÖ°¡ ³Ê¹«µµ ¹ÎÃ¸ÇØ¼­ Àû´çÈ÷
°ÅÁþ¸»À» ÇØ¼­ ÀúÇгâÀ» °ÅÃijª°£´Ù. ÀбâÀå¾ÖÀÚµéÀº ³ôÀº ¾÷ÀûÀ» ÀÌ·ê ¼ö°¡
ÀÖ´Ù-¿¡µð½¼, ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀÎ, ÆÐư À屺, ³Ú½¼ ¶óÄ¿Æç·¯, ±×¸®°í ºê·ç½º
Á¦³Êó·³. ±×·¯³ª À̵éÀº ÈçÈ÷ Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ ¹ßÀ°ÀÌ ´Ê°Å³ª Á¤¼­ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒ¾ÈÇÑ
¾ÆÀÌ·Î À߸ø Áø´Ü(ÆÇÁ¤)À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù.

The new Prime Minister decided early on to retain many of his predecessor's
domestic programs, such as literacy lessons and unemployment relief, and, as a
consequence, found himself committed to programs that will cost at least $2.5 billion
over the next three years. To foot the bill and to whittle down Jamaica's balance
of payments deficit ($700 million last year), the Prime Minister, a Harvard-educated
sociologist before he turned to politics, put together a complicated financial
package.
½ÅÀÓ¼ö»óÀº Ãʱ⿡ ÀüÀÓÀÚÀÇ ±¹³»°èȹµé °¡¿îµ¥ ¸¹Àº °Í-¿¹¸¦µé¾î
¹®¸ÍÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ Àбâ¿Í ¾²±â±³À°°ú ½Ç¾÷ ±¸Á¦ µûÀ§-À» °è¼ÓÇØ ³ª°¡±â·Î
°áÁ¤Çß´Ù. ±× °á°ú·Î ±×´Â ¾ÕÀ¸·Î 3³â°£¿¡ °ÉÃļ­ Àû¾îµµ 25¾ï ´Þ·¯°¡ ¼Ò¿äµÉ
°èȹ¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¹­¿©ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ºñ¿ëÀ» ºÎ´ãÇϰí
Àú¸ÞÀÌÄ¿ÀÇ ¼öÁöÀûÀÚ(À۳⿡ 7¾ï´Þ·¯)¸¦ Á¡Â÷ ÁÙÀ̱â À§Çؼ­ ½ÅÀÓ¼ö»ó-±×´Â
ÇÏ¹Ùµå ´ëÇп¡¼­ ±³À°¹ÞÀº »çȸÇÐÀÚ·Î Á¤Ä¡°¡·Î ÀüÇâÇß´Ù-Àº º¹ÀâÇÑ ÀçÁ¤
°èȹÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇß´Ù.

Allow me to begin by thanking you for the fine arrangements you
have consistently made for us over the past six years. Your efforts
have always made our trips memorable and have left us with the feeling
of wanting to return at an early date. I have often spoken to friends
about your wonderful hotel and recommended it highly.
Áö³­ 6³â µ¿¾È º¯ÇÔ¾øÀÌ ¾Æ³¦¾ø´Â ¹è·Á¸¦ ÇØÁֽе¥ ´ëÇØ ¸ÕÀú °¨»çµå¸³´Ï´Ù.
±ÍÇÏÀÇ ¹è·Á ´öºÐ¿¡ ´Ã ±â¾ï¿¡ ³²´Â ¿©ÇàÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ´Ù½Ã °¡º¸°í ½Í´Ù
´Â ±âºÐÀ» ´À³¢°Ô Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ±ÍÈ£ÅÚ¿¡ °üÇØ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô ÀÚÁÖ À̾߱âÇÏ
°í Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ÃßõÀ» Çß½À´Ï´Ù.
Allow me to begin by thanking you for~ [~¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸ÕÀú °¨»çÇÏ´Ù]
the fine arrangement [ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¹è·Á]
over the past six years [Áö³­ 6³âµ¿¾È]
leave us with the feeling of~ [~¶ó´Â ´À³¦À» ³²°ÜÁÖ´Ù]
I have often spoken [ÀÚÁÖ À̾߱⸦ Çß´Ù]
recommend highly [Àû±Ø ÃßõÇÏ´Ù]

Railroads were the unchallenged leader in transportation for a hundred
years. But beginning in the early 1900s, railroads faced competition from
newer forms of transportation. Today millions of people own automobiles.
Buses offer inexpensive services between cities. Airplanes provide quick
transportation over long distances. The result has been a sharp drop in
the use of trains. Almost all railroads face serious problems that
threaten to drive them out of business. But they provide low-cost,
fuel-saving transportation. One gallon of diesel fuel will haul about
four times as much by rail as by truck. In this view, railroads are the
form of transportation that has much to offer when the world is concerned
about saving fuel.
öµµ´Â 100³âµ¿¾È ¿î¼Û¼ö´Ü¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ºÎµ¿ÀÇ ¼±µµÀÚ ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª 1900³â´ë°¡
½ÃÀÛµÇÀÚ Ã¶µµ ´Â »õ·Î¿î ¿î¼ÛÇüÅ·κÎÅÍ µµÀü¿¡ Á÷¸éÇß´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÌ
ÀÚµ¿Â÷¸¦ ¼ÒÀ¯Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¹ö½º´Â µµ½Ã°£ÀÇ Àú·ÅÇÑ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
ºñÇà±â´Â Àå°Å¸®¿¡ °ÅÃÄ ½Å¼ÓÇÑ ¿î¼ÛÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ±× °á°ú ±âÂ÷ ÀÌ¿ëÀÌ
±Þ°¨Çß´Ù. °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç öµµ°¡ »ç¾÷À» Áß´ÜÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ½É°¢ÇÑ À§Çù¿¡ Á÷¸éÇϰí
ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº Àú·ÅÇÏ°í ¿¬·á Àý¾àÀû ¿î¼Û¼ö´ÜÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. 1Ķ·±ÀÇ
µðÁ© ¿¬·á·Î öµµ´Â Æ®·°º¸´Ù °ÅÀÇ 4¹è¸¦ ¿î¼ÛÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± Ãø¸é¿¡¼­, öµµ´Â
¼¼°è°¡ ¿¬·á Àý¾àÀ» °ÆÁ¤ÇÒ ¶§¿¡ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¿î¼Û ¼ö´ÜÀÌ´Ù.
unchallenged leader µµÀü¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀº ÁÖµµÀÚ/ transportation¿î¼Û,±³Åë/
faced competition °æÀï¿¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ´Ù/ sharp drop ±Þ¶ô/ fuel-saving ¿¬·áÀý°¨
/ drive ~out of business~À» »ç¾÷¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ ¸ô¾Æ³»´Ù

He is one of the most famous yet mysterious celebrities of recent
times. Although he has been silent for more than five thousand years, he
has told us much about early European humans. He is the Iceman, the
intact mummy found sticking out of the ice by a German couple hiking in
the Alps in 1991. He was thought at first to be a modern victim of a
hiking accident, but scientific study has proved him to be from the
Copper Age.
±×´Â ÃÖ±Ù °¡Àå À¯¸íÇϸ鼭µµ ½Åºñ¿¡ ½ÎÀÎ ¸í»ç Áß ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ´Ù. ºñ·Ï 5õ³â
ÀÌ»ó ħ¹¬ÇßÁö¸¸ ±×´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Ãʱâ À¯·´Àο¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇØÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
±×´Â ¾óÀ½ Àΰ£À¸·Î, 1991³â ¾ËÇÁ½º µµº¸ ¿©ÇàÀ» ÇÏ´ø µ¶ÀÏÀÎ ºÎºÎ ÀÇÇØ
¹ß°ßµÈ, ¾óÀ½ À§·Î Åö ºÒ°ÅÁ® ³ª¿Â ¼Õ»óµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹ÌÀ̶óÀÌ´Ù. óÀ½¿¡´Â
ÇÏÀÌÅ· »ç°íÀÇ Çö´ëÀÎ Èñ»ýÀÚ¶ó°í óÀ½¿£ ¿©°ÜÁ³Áö¸¸, °úÇÐÀû Á¶»ç°á°ú ûµ¿±â
½Ã´ëÀÇ Àι°·Î ÆÇ¸í‰ç´Ù.

Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after Earth
was formed. Yet another three billion years were to pass before the
first plants and animals appeared on the continents. Life's transition
from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary
challenge as was the genesis of life.
»ý¸íÀº Áö±¸°¡ Çü¼ºµÈÁö 10¾ï³â ÈÄ¿¡ ÃʱâÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼­ ±â¿øÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª
´ë·ú¿¡ µ¿½Ä¹°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª±â±îÁö´Â ´Ù½Ã 30¾ï ³âÀÌ Èê·¯¾ß¸¸ µÇ¾ú´Ù. »ý¸íü°¡
¹Ù´Ù·ÎºÎÅÍ À°Áö·Î À̵¿ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ¸¶ »ý¸íÀÇ ±â¿ø ÀÚü¸¸Å­À̳ª ±×·¸°Ô
´ë´ÜÇÑ ÁøÈ­ÀûÀÎ º¯È­¿´´Ù.

Tools and hand bones excavated from the Swartkrans cave complex in South
Africa suggest that a close relative of early humans known as
Australopithecus robustus may have made and used primitive tools long
before the species became extinct 1 million years ago. It may even have
made and used primitive tools long before humanity's direct ancestor,
Homo habilis, or "handy man," began doing so. Homo habilis and its
successor, Homo eretus, coexisted with Australopithecus robustus on
plains of South Africa for more than a million years.
³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ½º¿ÍƮũ¶õ(Swartkran) µ¿±¼ Áý°áÁö¿¡¼­ ¹ß±¼µÈ µµ±¸¿Í
¼Õ»ÀµéÀº, Australopithecus robustus ¶ó°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Â ÃʱâÀΰ£ÀÇ °¡±î¿î
ģôÀÌ, ±× Á¾µéÀÌ ¾à 1¹é¸¸ ³â Àü ¸êÁ¾µÇ±âº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¿ø½ÃÀû µµ±¸¸¦
¸¸µé¾î¼­ »ç¿ëÇßÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù. ±× Á¾Á·Àº, Àΰ£ÀÇ Á÷Á¢
Á¶»óÀÎ Homo habilis (´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î handy man)µéÀÌ ±×·¸°Ô Çϱâ ÈξÀ
Àü¿¡Á¶Â÷µµ ¿ø½ÃÀû µµ±¸¸¦ ¸¸µé°í »ç¿ëÇßÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. Homo habilis ¿Í
±×µéÀÇ ÈÄ¼Õ Homo erectus ´Â 100¸¸³â ÀÌ»ó µ¿¾È ³²¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ Æò¿ø¿¡¼­
Australopithecus robustus ¿Í °øÁ¸Çß¾ú´Ù.

Anthropological evidence pushes the record of handedness in early human
ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago. One important line of
evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in toolmaking:
implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed
toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked with a
counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker).
ÀηùÇÐÀûÀÎ Áõ°ÅµéÀº Ãʱâ Àΰ£Á¶»óµé¿¡ À־ÀÇ ¼ÕÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÇ ±â·ÏÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ
140¸¸ ³âÀü±îÁö °Å½½·¯ ¿Ã¶ó°¡°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ Áõ°Å´Â
µµ±¸¸¸µé±â¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´ø µ¹ Á¶°¢µéÀÇ Âɰ³Áø ¾ç»óÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿Â´Ù. ½Ã°è¹æÇâÀÇ
¿òÁ÷ÀÓ(¿À¸¥¼ÕÀâÀÌÀÎ µµ±¸Á¦ÀÛÀÚ¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â)À¸·Î Âɰ³Áø µµ±¸µéÀº
¹Ý½Ã°è¹æÇâÀÇ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ(¿Þ¼ÕÀâÀÌÀÎ µµ±¸Á¦ÀÛÀÚ¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â)À¸·Î Âɰ³Áø
µµ±¸µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±¸ºÐµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

From an evolutionary standpoint polar bears are quite new. The first
ani- mals that taxonomists recognize as bears go back about 20 million
years to the Miocene epoch. The size of a small dog, those early bears
gradually grew much larger and began living in caves; some were even
bigger than present- day bears. They spread to all the continents except
Australia and Antarctica.
ÁøÈ­·ÐÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ º¸¸é, ºÏ±Ø°õÀº ¾ÆÁÖ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ µ¿¹°ÀÌ´Ù. µ¿½Ä¹°
ºÐ·ùÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ °õÀ¸·Î ÀνÄÇÏ´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ µ¿¹°Àº ¾à 2000¸¸³â ÀüÀÎ ¸¶ÀÌ¿À¼¼±îÁö
°Å½½·¯ ¿Ã¶ó°£´Ù. ÀÛÀº °³ Å©±â¿´´ø ÃʱâÀÇ °õµéÀº Á¡Â÷ Å©°Ô ÀÚ¶ó¼­, µ¿±¼
¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ì±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¾î¶² °ÍµéÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ °õº¸´Ù ´õ ÄÇ´Ù. ±×µéÀº È£ÁÖ¿Í
³²±Ø´ë·ú¸¸ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ¸ðµç ´ë·ú¿¡ ÆÛÁ® ³ª°¬´Ù.

Early summer, and great grey owl chicks are fledgling.
À̸¥ ¿©¸§, »õ³¢ ūȸ»ö¿Ã»©¹Ì°¡ ³¯ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù
Adults can only raise young here
À̵鿡°Õ µéÁã°¡ dzºÎÇÑ À̸¾¶§°¡
in years when the seasonal vole crop is big enough to support them.
»õ³¢¸¦ Ű¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃÖÀû±â ÀÔ´Ï´Ù
The moment has arrived for their first flight.
ù ºñ»óÀÇ ¼ø°£ÀÌ ´Ù°¡¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù
Leaping from the world's tallest trees is not for the faint hearted.
¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« ³ª¹«¿¡¼­ µµ¾àÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ½¬¿î ÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù
If you're going to fall here it's quite a good idea to do it in stages.
¾îÂ÷ÇÇ ³»·Á°¥ ¿ä·®À̶ó¸é Â÷·Ê·Î ³»·Á°¡´Â °Íµµ ±¦Âú°ÚÁÒ

Conifers first appeared on the Earth during the early Permian
period, some 270 million years ago.
ħ¿±¼ö°¡ óÀ½ Áö±¸ À§¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³­ °ÍÀº Ãʱâ ÀÌø±â, Áï ¾à 2.7¾ï³â
ÀüÀ̾ú´Ù.

- Hey. I'm here. - Bad timing?
- ³ª¾ß - ¶§°¡ ¾È ÁÁÀº°¡?
No problem. I just could have used a few more minutes.
¸î ºÐ¸¸ ´õ ¿©À¯°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸é
I wish I had 'em. Gimme what you got.
³ªµµ ±×·¨À¸¸é ÁÁ°Ú¾î ¹¹ °ÇÁø °Å ÀÖ¾î?
All right. He's the oldest of three children. His father died when he was a boy.
ÀÌ »ç¶÷Àº ¼¼ ÇüÁ¦ Áß Àå³²ÀÌ°í ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ¾î¸± ¶§ Á×¾ú¾î¿ä
Means he learned responsibility early.
ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ Ã¥ÀÓ°¨À» ¹è¿üÁÒ
ln college at 16. lntelligent.
16¼¼¿¡ ´ëÇп¡ ÀÔÇÐÇß¾î¿ä ¶È¶ÈÇØ¿ä
First in his class. Vice president of a company three years later.
¼ö¼®À̾ú±º¿ä, 3³â ÈÄ¿¡´Â ȸ»çÀÇ ºÎ»çÀåÀÌ µÆ¾î¿ä
OK. So he's ambitious, driven. Maybe too much so.
¾ß¸ÁÀÖ°í ÃßÁø·Âµµ °­ÇØ¿ä Á» °úÇÏ°Ô °­ÇÏÁÒ
- He has a heart condition. - I know. I've got his pills.
- ½ÉÀåÀÌ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¿ä - ¾Ë¾Æ, ³»°¡ ±× »ç¶÷ ¾àÀ» °®°í ÀÖ¾î
He's very organised.
¾ÆÁÖ ºóÆ´ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ¿¡¿ä
No charities, no...
ÀÚ¼±ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÇÑ Àûµµ ¾ø°í ½Ã°£À̳ª µ·¿¡ ÀλöÇϱº¿ä
He's not generous with time or money. Anal. I'd guess passive-aggressive. Control freak.
¿Ü°íÁý¿¡, ¼öµ¿ °ø°ÝÀûÀ̰í Áö¹è±¤ÀûÀÌ¿¡¿ä
So make him sweat it out for a while, assume control, then behave erratically.
²öÁú±â°Ô ½É¹®ÇÏ¸é ±âÀÌÇÑ ÇൿÀ» Çϰڱº
Yeah. One more thing. Um, a hunch, really.
ÇÑ °¡Áö ´õ ÀÖ¾î¿ä ÀÌ°Ç ÃßÃøÀä
With people this tightly wound, the threat of pain can be more effective than pain itself.
Ä¡¹ÐÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº °íÅë ÀÚüº¸´Ù °íÅë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À§Çù¿¡ ´õ ¾àÇÏÁÒ
This is all just guesswork. I could have done more if I'd had time.
±×³É ÃßÃøÀÏ »ÓÀÌ¿¡¿ä ½Ã°£ÀÌ Á» ´õ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ÁÁÀ» ÅÙµ¥
You did great. I'll get back to you as soon as I can.
¾ÆÁÖ Àß Çß¾î °ð ´Ù½Ã ÀüÈ­ÇÒ °Ô

Úýú­ °Ç±¹ÃʱâÀÇ ´ë¿Ü °ü°è
Foreign Relations of the Early Years of Balhae (Foundation)

A53 ±âŸ ¹× »ó¼¼ºÒ¸íÀÇ ¸Åµ¶(Other and unspecified syphilis)
-
A53.0 Á¶±âÀÎÁö ¸¸±âÀÎÁö »ó¼¼ºÒ¸íÀÇ Àẹ¼º ¸Åµ¶(Latent syphilis, unspecified as early or late)
Àẹ¼º ¸Åµ¶(Latent syphilis) NOS
Ç÷û¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¾ç¼ºÀÎ ¸Åµ¶(Positive serological reaction for syphilis)
A53.9 »ó¼¼ºÒ¸íÀÇ ¸Åµ¶(Syphilis, unspecified)
Æ®·¹Æ÷³×¸¶ ¸Åµ¶±Õ ÀÇÇÑ °¨¿°(Infection due to Treponema pallidum) NOS
¸Åµ¶(ÈÄõ¼º)(Syphilis (acquired)) NOS
Á¦¿Ü£º2¼¼¹Ì¸¸¿¡¼­ »ç¸Á¿øÀÎÀÌ µÈ ¸Åµ¶(syphilis causing death under two years of age)
NOS(A50.2)

A66 ¿ä¿À½º(Yaws)
-
Æ÷ÇÔ£ººÎ¹Ù(bouba)
(¿­´ë¼º) ÇÁ¶÷º£½Ã¾Æ(framboesia (tropica))
¸ÅÁ¾(pian)
A66.0 Ãʱ⠺´¼ÒÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(initial lesions of yaws)
Çϰ¨ ¿ä¿À½º (Chancre of yaws)
Ãʱ⠶Ǵ Á¦1±â ÇÁ¶÷º£½Ã¾Æ (Framboesia, initial or primary)
Ãʱâ ÇÁ¶÷º£½Ã¾Æ ±Ë¾ç(Initial framboesial ulcer)
¸ðÄ£ ¿ä¿À½º(Mother yaw)
A66.1 ´Ù¹ß À¯µÎÁ¾ ¹× ½À¼º ¿ä¿À½º(Multiple papillomata and wet crab yaws)
µþ±âÁ¾(Framboesioma)
¸ÅÁ¾(Pianoma)
¼öÀå ¶Ç´Â Á·ÀåÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º À¯µÎÁ¾(Plantar or palmar papilloma of yaws)
A66.2 ±âŸ Á¶±â ÇǺκ´¼ÒÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Other early skin lesions of yaws)
°¨¿°ÈÄ 5³â À̳»ÀÇ ÇǺοä¿À½º(Cutaneous yaws, less than five years after infection)
Á¶±â ¿ä¿À½º(Early yaws) (ÇǺÎ,cutaneous) (¹Ý»ó, macular) (¹Ý»ó±¸Áø¼º, maculopapular) (¼Ò±¸
Áø¼º, micropapular) (±¸Áø¼º, papular)
ÇÁ¶÷º£½ÃµåÀÇ Á¶±â ¿ä¿À½º(Framboeside of early yaws)
A66.3 °ú°¢È­ÁõÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Hyperkeratosis of yaws)
À¯·É¼ö(Ghoul hand)
¿ä¿À½º¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼öÀå ¶Ç´Â Á·ÀåÀÇ °ú°¢È­Áõ)(Hyperkeratosis, palmar or plantar due to yaws)(Á¶
±â, early) (¸¸±â, late)
¹ú·¹¸ÔÀº ¹ß¹Ù´Ú(Worm-eaten soles)
A66.4 °í¹«Á¾ ¹× ±Ë¾çÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º (Gummata and ulcers of yaws)
°í¹«Á¾¼º ÇÁ¶÷º£½Ãµå(Gummatous framboeside)
°áÀý¼º ¸¸±â ¿ä¿À½º(±Ë¾ç¼º)(Nodular late yaws (ulcerated))
A66.5 °­°í»ç(Gangosa)
´ÜÀý¼º ºñÀεο°(Rhinopharyngitis mutilans)
A66.6 »À ¹× °üÀýº´¼ÒÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Bone and joint lesions of yaws)
°áÀýÁ¾ÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Ganglion of yaws) (Á¶±â, early) (¸¸±â, late)
°üÀý¼öÁ¾ÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Hydrarthrosis of yaws) (Á¶±â, early) (¸¸±â, late)
°ñ¿°ÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Osteitis of yaws) (Á¶±â, early) (¸¸±â, late)
°ñ¸·¿°(ºñ´ë¼º)ÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Periostitis (hypertrophic) of yaws) (Á¶±â, early) (¸¸±â, late)
´ëºñÁõÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Goundou of yaws) (¸¸±â, late)
»À°í¹«Á¾ÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Gumma, bone of yaws) (¸¸±â, late)
°í¹«Á¾¼º °ñ¿° ¶Ç´Â °ñ¸·¿°ÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Gummatous osteitis or periostitis of yaws) (¸¸±â, late)
A66.7 ±âŸ ÁõÈÄÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Other manifestations of yaws)
°üÀý ÀÎÁ¢ °áÀýÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Juxta-articular nodules of yaws)
Á¡¸·¼º ¿ä¿À½º(Mucosal yaws)
A66.8 Àẹ¼º ¿ä¿À½º(Latent yaws)
ÀÓ»óÁõ»óÀÌ ¾ø´Â Ç÷û¹ÝÀÀ ¾ç¼ºÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Yaws without clinical manifestations, with positive
serology)
A66.9 »ó¼¼ºÒ¸íÀÇ ¿ä¿À½º(Yaws, unspecified)


°Ë»ö°á°ú´Â 26 °ÇÀ̰í ÃÑ 329 ¶óÀÎÀÇ ÀÚ·á°¡ Ãâ·ÂµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.    ¸ÇÀ§·Î
(È­¸é ¾îµð¼­³ª Alt+Z : ´Ü¾î ÀçÀÔ·Â.)
(³»¿ë Áß °Ë»öÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº ´Ü¾î°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ±× ´Ü¾î¸¦ ´õºíŬ¸¯Çϼ¼¿ä.)
    

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