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upheld uphold의 과거(분사)

uphold 〔∧ｐｈ´ｏｕｌｄ〕 (떠)받치다, 후원(고무)하다, 시인하다, (판결 따위를)확인하다

uphold 떠 받치다, 들어올리다, 지지하다

uphold ~을 지지하다, 용호하다; 격려하다.

If the Seoul council's move is upheld in court, all other local
councilors across the country will feel entitled to receive the same
privilege. The number of these council members now reaches 5,464,
and the cost of giving them all assistants and paying them from local
budgets will total some 450 billion won.
만약 서울시 의회의 조치가 법정에서 통과된다면, 전국의 다른 시, 도의원
들도 같은 혜택을 받으려 할 것이다. 이들 지방 의원 전체의 수는 5,464명에
이르고 있는데 이들 모두에게 보좌관을 둔다면 여기에 지불해야 되는 지방
예산은 모두 4천5백억 원이 된다.
uphold : 떠받치다, 들어올리다, 지지하다
entitle : 이름을 달다, 자격을 주다
privilege : 특혜, 특전, 혜택; 특전을 주다

^^The primary duty of any government is to protect the general public
from criminals so that they can live a peaceful life without fear. Now is
the time for the government to increase the money spent on law
enforcement authorities to ensure they can crack down on criminals
and uphold the law by which this country is governed. At the same
time, the police must exert self-help efforts themselves so they can
faithfully perform their important duties to the letter.
어느 정부나 가장 큰 임무는 국민들을 범죄로부터 보호하여 국민들이 두
려움 없이 평화로운 삶을 살수 있게 만드는 일이다. 이제야 말로 정부는 경
찰 당국의 예산을 늘려 그들이 범죄를 소탕할 수 있으면서 이 나라를 다스
리고 있는 법을 유지시킬 수 있어야 한다. 동시에 경찰은 규정에 명시된 자
신들의 중요한 임무를 성실하게 수행하는데 최선을 다해야 할 것이다.
law enforcement authorities : 사법 당국(검찰과 경찰등)
crackdown : 일망타진, 분쇄, 검거, 단속
uphold : 떠받치다, 들어올리다, 지지하다
faithfully : 성실하게, 충실히, 성의를 다하여
to the letter : 문자 그대로, 엄밀히

^^Though the students have pure motives in their seeking of national
unification, their advocation of violence, if this is what they are doing,
subjects them to legal action. This is a basic principle that all states
which are ruled by law uphold. Notwithstanding, the radical students
appear to have been deluded into believing that they can rise above the
law and ignore it.
비록 학생들이 통일을 바라는 순수한 동기를 갖고 있다 해도, 실행 과정
에서 폭력이 불가피하다고 주장한다면, 그들은 사법 처리의 대상이 될 뿐이
다. 이것은 법에 의해 다스려지고 있는 모든 나라가 지켜야 할 원칙이다. 그
럼에도 불구하고, 운동권 학생들은 법을 무시하고 법을 초월하여 자신들의
목적을 달성할 수 있다고 믿도록 미혹 당하고 있는 것으로 보인다.
advocation : 옹호, 주창
notwithstanding : ..에도 불구하고; 그럼에도 불구하고
delude : 미혹시키다, 속이다

EU Appeals Court Upholds Microsoft Antitrust Ruling
EU 항소 법원, 마이크로소프트 반독점 제재 조치 이행 판결

A European Union appeals court has upheld a landmark antitrust ruling against Microsoft.
유럽연합(EU) 항소 법원이 (EU 잽행위가) 마이크로소프트社(MS)에 부과한 획기적인 반독점 제재 명령을 지지했습니다.
* European Union appeals court 유럽연합 항소 법원: 여기서는 유럽연합 제1심재판소(ECFI, European Court of the First Instance)를 말한다. cf. appeals [[법률]] 항소
* antitrust ruling 반독점 제재 판결 cf. (1) antitrust 독점 금지의 (2) ruling [[법률]] 판결, 판례; 결정
* uphold [[법률]] (판결, 결정)을 확인하다, 지지하다
* landmark 획기적인 사건

However, and this is bad news for Merrill Lynch,
그러나, 메릴린치 사측엔 좋지 못한 소식이긴 한데,
the tribunal did uphold claims of unlawful victimization and unfair dismissal.
법원은 회사가 빌랄바에게 불법적으로 정신적인 피해를 입혔으며 부당 해고했다는 원고측 주장은 인정했습니다.
* uphold [[법률]] (판결, 결정)을 지지하다
* victimization 괴롭힘; 희생시킴 cf. victimize (남)을 괴롭히다; 희생시키다
* unfair dismissal 부당 해고 cf. dismissal 해고, 해임

Legend has it that John F. Kennedy decided to enter politics one evening after a
long conversation with his father. Joe, Sr. was supposed to have told Jack that since
Joe, Jr. had given his life for his country during the war, it was now up to
Jack to uphold the family's tradition of political public service. The entire family would support Jack, his
father said. And as the story goes, Jack heeded his father's urging, and decided to enter politics on
the spot.
But the truth is somewhat different. Certainly there was a political tradition in
the Kennedy
family. To be sure, Joe, Sr. wanted to see this tradition carried on, and certainly
he felt it
should be carried by Jack since Joe had died. But this is all too simple

upheld 지지하다,들어올리다

uphold 떠받들다, 유지하다, 시인하다

Decades of federal inaction have led to a dangerous
수십년 동안 연방정부의 무관심 덕분에
and unstable situation on Arizona's border.
애리조나 국경에 불안한 결과를 초래했습니다.
And if the federal government can't, or won't, act to uphold the law,
연방정부가 할 수 없거나 하고 싶지 않다면
then it's up to the states to exercise their power and fill that void.
주 정부가 직접 나서서 그 공백을 채워야 겠죠
I'm an Ameri-can, Will, not an Ameri-can't.
전 미국인이거든요 미인이 아니라
- Let's dump out of it. - Ross.
- 좀 버리고 가자 - 로스
- Yes. - No, the whole thing, dump out of it.
- 예 - 아니, 전부다, 전부다 버려

Moore, a former New Zealand prime minister, said the Web sites, many of
which are anonymous, copied design features and logos from the WTO's
official pages on the Internet.
뉴질랜드 총리를 지낸 무어 총장은 이 웹사이트들이 익명으로 인터넷의 WTO
공식 홈페이지에서 베낀 로고와 그림들을 도용하고 있다고 말했다.
``This causes confusion among visitors looking for genuine information
from the WTO, disrupting a much-needed dialogue,'' he said in a
statement.
그는 성명에서 "이 때문에 정작 WTO의 정보를 얻으려는 방문자들을 혼란으로
빠뜨리고 서로 나눠야할 대화를 막고 있다"고 밝혔다.
``The WTO and its members uphold the right of others to criticize and
comment on WTO affairs, including the right to protest publicly,'' said
Moore, who has sought to discuss issues frequently with the
organization's critics.
무어 총장은 "WTO와 회원국은 WTO와 관련된 사안에 대해 비판하고 의견을
진술할 권리는 물론 공개적으로 항의할 권리까지 가지고 있다"면서 WTO
비판자들과 자주 현안문제를 토의해주기를 바란다고 말했다.
``Confusing the public is another matter. Contrary to critics'
allegations, the WTO is highly transparent,'' he declared.
그는 "대중을 혼란으로 모는 일은 별개의 문제"라며 "비판자들의 주장과 달리
WTO는 아주 투명한 조직이다"고 단언했다.

☞ 밤새 싸우던 드레이코와 보엔은 휴전 협정을 맺게 된다. 서로를 죽
이는 대신에 드레이코가 마을을 기습하면 보엔이 나타나서 용을 없애
주겠다고 하고 드레이코를 죽이는 척 한다. 그 보답으로 보엔은 금을
받게 된다는 계획이다. 첫 번째 마을에서 드레이코와 보엔의 작전이
성공하고 둘은 다음 마을을 향해 떠난다.
Draco : When you squeeze the nobility, it's the peasants who feel the pinch.
(귀족을 쥐어짜면, 통증을 느끼는 건 소작인들이라고.)
Bowen : It's not my concern.
(그건 내 상관할 바가 아냐.)
Why should I stick my neck out for people afraid to risk their own?
(자신의 목숨을 잃는 걸 두려워하는 사람들을 위해 내가 왜 목숨을 걸어야 하지?)
* stick one's neck out : 목숨을 걸다
DON'T CLUTTER UP A CLEVER SCHEME WITH MORALITY.
(도덕심 때문에 교묘한 계략을 혼란시키지 말게.)
Draco : So be it, Knight of the Old Code.
(그렇다면 할 수 없지. '옛 기사도'를 따르는 기사여.)
Bowen : If I wanted my conscience pricked, I would've stayed with the priest.
(내가 양심의 가책을 원했다면, 그 성직자와 같이 머물렀을거야.)
* have one's conscience pricked : 양심의 가책을 받다
And, WHAT DOES A DRAGON KNOW OF THE OLD CODE anyway?
(그리고, 여하튼 '옛 기사도'에 대해서 용이 뭘 알아?)
Draco : 'His blade defends the helpless. His might upholds the weak.
His word speaks only truth.'
('그의 검은 무력한 자들을 지킨다. 그의 힘은 약한 자들을
지탱시킨다. 그의 말은 오로지 진실일 뿐이다.')

전문
PREAMBLE
유구한 역사와 전통에 빛나는 우리 대한국민은 3·1운동으로 건립된 대한민국 임시정부의 법통과 불의에 항거한 4·19민주이념을 계승하고, 조국의 민주개혁과 평화적 통일의 사명에 입각하여 정의·인도와 동포애로써 민족의 단결을 공고히 하고, 모든 사회적 폐습과 불의를 타파하며, 자율과 조화를 바탕으로 자유민주적 기본질서를 더욱 확고히 하여 정치·경제·사회·문화의 모든 영역에 있어서 각인의 기회를 균등히 하고, 능력을 최고도로 발휘하게 하며, 자유와 권리에 따르는 책임과 의무를 완수하게 하여, 안으로는 국민생활의 균등한 향상을 기하고 밖으로는 항구적인 세계평화와 인류공영에 이바지함으로써 우리들과 우리들의 자손의 안전과 자유와 행복을 영원히 확보할 것을 다짐하면서 1948년 7월 12일에 제정되고 8차에 걸쳐 개정된 헌법을 이제 국회의 의결을 거쳐 국민투표에 의하여 개정한다.
1987년 10월 29일
We, the people of Korea, proud of a resplendent history and traditions dating from time immemorial, upholding the cause of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea born of the March First Independence Movement of 1919 and the democratic ideals of the April Nineteenth Uprising of 1960 against injustice, having assumed the mission of democratic reform and peaceful unification of our homeland and having determined to consolidate national unity with justice, humanitarianism and brotherly love, and
To destroy all social vices and injustice, and
To afford equal opportunities to every person and provide for the fullest development of individual capabilities in all fields, including political, economic, social and cultural life by further strengthening the free and democratic basic order conducive to private initiative and public harmony, and
To help each person discharge those duties and responsibilities concomitant to freedoms and rights, and
To elevate the quality of life for all citizens and contribute to lasting world peace and the common prosperity of mankind and thereby to ensure security, liberty and happiness for ourselves and our posterity forever, Do hereby amend, through national referendum following a resolution by the National Assembly, the Constitution, ordained and established on the Twelfth Day of July anno Domini Nineteen hundred and forty-eight, and amended eight times subsequently.
Oct. 29, 1987

ome - came - come
cost - cost - cost
creep - crept - crept
cut - cut - cut
deal - dealt - dealt
dig - dug - dug
dive (scuba diving) - dived - dived
dive (jump head-first) - dove - dived
do - did - done
draw - drew - drawn
dream - dreamt/dreamed - dreamt/dreamed
drink - drank - drunk
drive - drove - driven
dwell - dwelt/dwelled - dwelt/dwelled
eat - ate - eaten
fall - fell - fallen
feed - fed - fed
feel - felt - felt
fight - fought - fought
find - found - found
fit (to be right size) - fit - fit
fit (to tailor, change size) - fit/fitted - fit/fitted
flee - fled - fled
fling - flung - flung
fly - flew - flown
forbid - forbade - forbidden
forecast - forecast - forecast
forego (also forgo) - forewent - foregone
foresee - foresaw - foreseen
foretell - foretold - foretold
forget - forgot - forgotten
forgive - forgave - forgiven
forsake - forsook - forsaken
freeze - froze - frozen
get - got - gotten/got
give - gave - given
go - went - gone
grind - ground - ground
grow - grew - grown
hang - hung - hung
have - had - had
hear - heard - heard
hide - hid - hidden
hit - hit - hit
hold - held - held
hurt - hurt - hurt
input - input - input
inset - inset - inset
interbreed - interbred - interbred
interweave - interwove - interwoven
keep - kept - kept
kneel - knelt/kneeled - knelt/kneeled
knit - knit/knitted - knit/knitted
know - knew - known
lay - laid - laid
lead - led - led
lean - leaned/leant - leaned/leant
leap - leapt/leaped - leapt/leaped
learn - learned/learnt - learned/learnt
leave - left - left
lend - lent - lent
let - let - let
lie - lay - lain
light - lit/lighted - lit/lighted
lose - lost - lost
make - made - made
mean - meant - meant
meet - met - met
mishear - misheard - misheard
mislay - mislaid - mislaid
mislead - misled - misled
misread - misread - misread
misspell - misspelled/misspelt - misspelled/misspelt
mistake - mistook - mistaken
misunderstand - misunderstood - misunderstood
mow - mowed - mowed/mown
outbid - outbid - outbid
outdo - outdid - outdone
outgrow - outgrew - outgrown
outrun - outran - outrun
outsell - outsold - outsold
overcast - overcast - overcast
overcome - overcame - overcome
overdo - overdid - overdone
overdraw - overdrew - overdrawn
overeat - overate - overeaten
overhang - overhung - overhung
overhear - overheard - overheard
overlay - overlaid - overlaid
overlie - overlay - overlain
overpay - overpaid - overpaid
override - overrode - overridden
overrun - overran - overrun
oversee - oversaw - overseen
oversell - oversold - oversold
overshoot - overshot - overshot
oversleep - overslept - overslept
overtake - overtook - overtaken
overthrow - overthrew - overthrown
partake - partook - partaken
pay - paid - paid
plead - pled/pleaded - pled/pleaded
pre-set - pre-set - pre-set
proofread - proofread - proofread
prove - proved - proven/proved
put - put - put
quit - quit/quitted - quit/ quitted
read - read (sounds like "red") - read (sounds like "red")
rebind - rebound - rebound
rebuild - rebuilt - rebuilt
recast - recast - recast
redo - redid - redone
re-lay (for example tiles) - re-laid - re-laid
remake - remade - remade
repay - repaid - repaid
rerun - reran - rerun
resell - resold - resold
reset - reset - reset
rethink - rethought - rethought
rewind - rewound - rewound
rewrite - rewrote - rewritten
rid - rid - rid
ride - rode - ridden
ring - rang - rung
rise - rose - risen
run - ran - run
say - said - said
see - saw - seen
seek - sought - sought
sell - sold - sold
send - sent - sent
set - set - set
sew - sewed - sewn/sewed
shake - shook - shaken
shear - sheared - shorn/sheared
shed - shed - shed
shine - shined/shone - shined/shone
shit - shit/shat - shit/shat
shoot - shot - shot
show - showed - shown/showed
shrink - shrank/shrunk - shrunk
shut - shut - shut
sing - sang - sung
sit - sat - sat
slay - slew - slain
sleep - slept - slept
slide - slid - slid
sling - slung - slung
slit - slit - slit
smell - smelled/smelt - smelled/smelt
speak - spoke - spoken
speed - sped/speeded - sped/speeded
spell - spelled/spelt - spelled/spelt
spend - spent - spent
spin - spun - spun
spit - spit/spat - spit/spat
split - split - split
spoil - spoiled/spoilt - spoiled/spoilt
spoon-feed - spoon-fed - spoon-fed
spread - spread - spread
spring - sprang/sprung - sprung
stand - stood - stood
steal - stole - stolen
stick - stuck - stuck
sting - stung - stung
stink - stank/stunk - stunk
strew - strewed - strewn/strewed
stride - strode - stridden
strive - strove - striven
strike (delete) - struck - stricken
strike (hit) - struck - struck/stricken
string - strung - strung
strive - strove/strived - striven/strived
swear - swore - sworn
sweep - swept - swept
swell - swelled - swollen,swelled
swim - swam - swum
swing - swung - swung
take - took - taken
teach - taught - taught
tear - tore - torn
tell - told - told
think - thought - thought
throw - threw - thrown
thrust - thrust - thrust
tread - trod - trodden, trod
unbind - unbound - unbound
underlie - underlay - underlain
understand - understood - understood
undertake - undertook - undertaken
underwrite - underwrote - underwritten
undo - undid - undone
unwind - unwound - unwound
uphold - upheld - upheld
upset - upset - upset
wake - woke/waked - woken/waked
wear - wore - worn
weave - wove - woven
wed - wed/wedded - wed/wedded
weep - wept - wept
wet - wet/wetted - wet/wetted
win - won - won
wind - wound - wound
withdraw - withdrew - withdrawn
wring - wrung - wrung
write - wrote - written


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